Term
| What are the mechanisms of genetic susceptibility to cancer? |
|
Definition
1) Increased probability of initiation event
2) Increased likelihood of progression. |
|
|
Term
| What kinds of mendelian inheritance of cancer susceptibility are there? |
|
Definition
1) Inherited cancer syndromes (autosomal dominant)
2) Familial cancers
3) Defective DNA repair
4) Immune deficiency syndromes. |
|
|
Term
| What is an acquired preneoplastic lesion? |
|
Definition
| An identifiable local abnormality associated with an increased risk of a malignant tumour developing (majority do not lead to cancer). |
|
|
Term
| Which gene malfunction is involved in familial adenomatous polyposis? |
|
Definition
| The APC gene (tumour supressor gene). |
|
|
Term
| What causes atrophic gastritis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes actinic keratosis? |
|
Definition
| UV radiation on the epidermis leading to squamous cell carcinoma. |
|
|
Term
| What causes endometrial hyperplasia? |
|
Definition
| Unopposed estrogen leads to proliferation. |
|
|
Term
| What causes hepatic cirrhosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is cervical intraepithelial neoplasia? |
|
Definition
| A spectrum of changes in squamous epithelium of cervix which are precursors of invasive squamous cell carcinoma. Epithelial cells show features of malignancy but there is no invasion of the basement membrane. |
|
|
Term
| How many levels of CIN are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What screening test is used for cervical cancer? |
|
Definition
| Liquid based cytology moving towards primary HPV testing. |
|
|
Term
| What screening test is used for breast cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What screening test is used for choriocarcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What screening test is used for colorectal cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What screening test is used for stomach cancer? |
|
Definition
| Barium studies and gastroscopy. |
|
|
Term
| What screening test is used for ovarian cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What screening test is used for prostate cancer? |
|
Definition
| Prostatic acid phosphatase, prostate specific antigen (PAP, PSA). |
|
|
