Term
|
Definition
| The smallest particle of an element which has its own unique properties. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A subatomic particle having a mass of 1.0073 amu and a charge of +1, found in the nuclei of atoms. The number of protons, not electrons or neutrons, determines the
unique properties of an element. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A neutral subatomic particle having a mass of 1.0087 amu also found in the nuclei of atoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A subatomic particle having a mass of 0.00054858 amu and a charge of 1- which orbits the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Two or more forms of atoms of the same element with different masses; atoms containing the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. For example, carbon 14 has 8 neutrons instead of the normal 6. Some isotopes are radioactive. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The smallest particle of an element or compound capable of a stable, independent existence. It is formed when two or more atoms join or bond together chemically. For example, both H2 and H2O |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by chemical means.They are kinds of atoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance of two or more elements in fixed proportions. It is a molecule that contains at least two different elements. For example, H2O has oxygen and hydrogen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The distinct forms that different phases of matter take on such as solid, liquid, and gas and sometimes plasma. Matter can change state by the addition or removal of heat energy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A physical property of matter by which the temperature at which liquid and solid coexist in equilibrium; also the freezing point ( For example, 0°C or 32°F for ice). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A physical property by which the temperature at which the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the applied pressure; also the condensation point (For example, 100°C or 212° F for water). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A physical property of matter such that Mass per unit Volume: D=MV, it is related to buoyancy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A subset of the phases of matter and include liquids, gases, plasmas. Less dense substances will float on more dense substances. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A change in which one or more new substances are formed or a process in which one or more substances are changed into one or more different substances. |
|
|
Term
| Law of conservation of matter |
|
Definition
| In chemical processes, the principle that matter is neither created nor destroyed during any physical or chemical change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Description of a chemical reaction by placing the formulas of the reactants on the left and the formulas of products on the right of an arrow. For example, CH4 + 2 O2 → CO2 + 2 H2O |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that produces H+(aq) ions in aqueous solution. They are found between 0 and 7 on the pH scale such as hydrogen chloride (HCl) 2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A substance that produces OH (aq) ions in aqueous solution. They are found between 7 and 14 on the pH scale, for example sodium hydroxide (NaOH) 12. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An arrangement of elements in order of increasing atomic numbers that also emphasizes periodicity or regular variations of properties of elements with atomic number and position. It is credited to Dmitri Mendeleev. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An element below and to the left of the stepwise division (metalloids) in the upper right corner of the periodic table; about 80% of the known elements are metals. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elements with properties intermediate between metals and nonmetals: B, Al, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po, and At. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 18 elements that are not metals or metalloids. They make up most of the crust, atmosphere, oceans and living organisms especially C, H, N, O, P, and S. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Elements of the periodic Group 0; also called rare gases; formerly called inert gases, He,Ne,Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn. They don't react because their upper level is complete. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Specific distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals of atoms or ions. The primary determinant of an element's chemical properties is the valence shell electrons. The type of orbital in which the atom's outermost electrons reside determines the "block" to which it belongs. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The attractive forces that hold atoms together in elements or compounds. Covalent bonds formed by the sharing of one or more electron pairs between two atoms. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. Important compounds include proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Compounds that lack carbon and hydrogen atoms and are synthesized by the agency of geological systems instead of biological systems. |
|
|
