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CSD 316 - How does the voice work?
Test 1
35
Communication
Undergraduate 3
01/24/2013

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Term
what is the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory of phonation?
Definition
Voice production is a combination of muscle force (myo), tissue elasticity (elastic), and air pressures and flows (aerodynamic)
Term
according to the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory what happens during inhalation?
Definition
the vocal folds are abducted to either intermediate or lateral position
Term
according to the myoelastic-aerodynamic theory what happens during exhalation?
Definition
the intrinsic adductor muscles cause the vocal folds to approximate
Term
muscles quickly balance the force of contraction against what?
Definition
pressure of the exhaled airstream
Term
outflow of air accelerates as it moves through increasingly narrow glottis. This is when what comes into play?
Definition
Bernoulli effect
Term
what is bernoulli's principle of fluid mechanics?
Definition
The sum of the static pressures and kinetic pressures in a gas is always equal to a constant
Term
according to Bernoulli's law, when velocity of air between the vocal folds increases, what happens to the air pressure between the folds?
Definition
it decreases
Term
according to Bernoulli's law, what happens when there's a decrease in pressure (a partial vacuum)?
Definition
the vocal folds are drawn together
Term
according to bernoulli's law, air pressure below the vocal folds (subglottic pressure) increases until when?
Definition
until pressure is sufficient to blow the folds open again?
Term
according to Bernoulli's principle, what happens as air escapes between the folds?
Definition
subglottic air pressure decreases and tissue elasticity of folds as well as Bernoulli effect cause them to adduct again
Term
Tension and mass of vocal folds create what?
Definition
resistance to vibration
Term
what is the minimum pressure required to force the folds into vibration?
Definition
phonation threshold pressure
Term
what is dependent on frequency of phonation and is different for males and females?
Definition
phonation threshold pressure
Term
what is an acoustic measure that directly reflects vibration rate of vocal folds?
Definition
Fundamental frequency (F0)
Term
in fundamental frequency what is equal to the number of reps per second?
Definition
it's equal to the fundamental frequency of the voice
Term
in fundamental frequency, what happens the faster the cycle repeats itself?
Definition
the higher the pitch, the slower the cycle, lower the pitch
Term
higher pitches are also related to what?
Definition
to increased vocal fold length and to increased tension
Term
what is the fundamental frequency norm for young children? women? men?
Definition
children- 350 Hz
women- 240 Hz
men- 120 Hz
Term
voice would sound thin and week if not for influence of what?
Definition
resonance structures
Term
what is responsible for many quality and loudness characteristics of voice?
Definition
the resonatory system
Term
what is an acoustic phenomenon by which a vibrating structure (sound source) excited in an air-filled chamber, which in turn causes chamber walls to vibrate?
Definition
resonance
Term
what influences sound?
Definition
size, shape, and resiliency of resonator
Term
what are is included in the resonatory structures?
Definition
pharynx, oral structures, and nasal structures
Term
What is the lowest of the three registers?
Definition
glottal fry
Term
what is happening with the vocal folds in a falsetto?
Definition
The anterior part phonates and the posterior part is open. Thus, there is variability in the way the falsetto is produced.
Term
When making your voice lower, are you using you chest or head voice?
Definition
chest - your can sing higher in your head voice (EG: Adele)
Term
What are the two parts of the modal register?
Definition
head voice and chest voice
Term
intensity and loudness (dB) are what kind of terms?
Definition
acoustic
Term
pitch and fundamental frequency are what kind of terms?
Definition
perceptual
Term
perceptual terms (fundamental frequency and pitch) are based on what?
Definition
what you hear
Term
acoustic terms (intensity and loudness) are based on what?
Definition
physical events
Term
vocal quality deviations reflect a lack of regularity in vocal fold vibration, resulting what?
Definition
an aperiodic or noisy signal (shimmer or jitter)
Term
what are three mechanisms of loudness change?
Definition
subglottic pressure, glottal resistance, and higher energy opening and closing of the vocal folds
Term
shimmer
Definition
from cycle to cycle the vocal folds are varying in amplitude
Term
jitter
Definition
from cycle to cycle the vocal folds are varying in frequency
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