Term
What are the five areas of the thorax? |
|
Definition
2 pulmonary, 1 pericardial, and
Two mediastinal – superior and posterior. |
|
|
Term
Identify the boundaries of the
Pleural
thoracic cavitiy.
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| identify the boundary of the periocardial throacic cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify the boundary of the mediastinal thoracic cavity |
|
Definition
Sup. – sup. thoracic aperture (SVC, arch of aorta, brachiocephalic veins, |
|
|
Term
Identify the bones and their markings plus the cartilages that make-up the bony thorax |
|
Definition
prs. Ribs + cartilage; Typical rib |
|
|
Term
| identify the boundaries of the inlet(superior) of thorax |
|
Definition
T1 vert., 1st pair ribs and costal cartilage Sup. border of manubrium. |
|
|
Term
| identify the boundary of the outlet of the thorax |
|
Definition
T12 vert., 11th and 12th pairs ribs., costal cart.
ribs 7 – 10, and ant. xiphisternal joint |
|
|
Term
| identify the boundary of the mediastinum of the thorax |
|
Definition
central compartment of the thoracic cavity. Divided into an anterior, superior, middle, posterior. |
|
|
Term
The xiphoid process is a midline marker for what structure(s)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is a sentinel lymph node? What is its significance in breast cancer? |
|
Definition
The first lymph node in a lymphatic chain plus the first lymph node to
test positive for cancer cells.
|
|
|
Term
Identify the subdivisions of the bronchial tree? |
|
Definition
Right and Left
main bronchus (primary) - 2nd bronchi (lobar) – (secondary) 2 on left
side, 3 on right side to lobes lobar branches 3rd (segmental) bronchi. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| listening to breath sounds |
|
|
Term
| where is the primary location of the gaseous exchange in the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The mammory gland is classified as what type of gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| identify the vessels that form the coronary circulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capilary beds connect_and _ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When numbering the ribs what is the first landmark to identify before you start counting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical significance of the apex of the lung? |
|
Definition
| Lies in the cupola of the pleural cavity in the neck and is easily damaged (collapsed) when the neck is damaged (knife wound). |
|
|
Term
| what is the purpose of the fibrous of the pericardium? |
|
Definition
| prevents overfilling of the heart |
|
|
Term
| the bronchial arteries arise from ? |
|
Definition
a. On the left side – thoracic aorta
b. On the right side – variable |
|
|
Term
| what is the relationship of the heart ventricles to the sternum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the direct venous drainage of the thoracic wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the importance of the anastomosis between the superior and inferior epigastric blood vessels? |
|
Definition
| If an internal (deep) vessel is blocked, blood can bypass the blockage by way of the inferior and superior epi-gastric vessels of the body wall. |
|
|
Term
| Where does the main thoracic lymphatic duct empty into the venous system? |
|
Definition
| Between the left subclavian vein and the left internal jugular vein. |
|
|
Term
| Name the endocrine organs that are found in the thorax, in the abdomen, and in the pelvis. |
|
Definition
| breast, thymus, pancreas, adrenal, ovary, and testis. |
|
|
Term
| what keeps the 1st rib from being palpated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Identify the borders and surfaces of the lungs |
|
Definition
| costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic surfaces. Borders: anterior, inferior, posterior |
|
|
Term
| What are the three structural layers of the heart? |
|
Definition
Epicardium, myocardium,
and endocardium. |
|
|
Term
| Be able to identify the structure and list the function of each part of the conduction system of the heart. |
|
Definition
SA node – initiates heartbeat -> AV node – in posterior region of interatrial septum -> L. & R AV bundles -> to ventricles via ->
the membranous skeleton -> ventricles. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference in the origin and the function of the sympathetic |
|
Definition
| (thoracolumbar – fight or flight system and parasympathetic nervous system craniosacral – resting system. |
|
|
Term
| What is (are) the function of the abdominal wall muscles? |
|
Definition
| Compress and support abdominal viscera. |
|
|
Term
| What structure during embryonic development ran in the ligamentum teres of the liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The bile, stored in the gallbladder, primarily breaks down what type of food materials? |
|
Definition
| Carbohydrates, Fats, and/or Proteins |
|
|
Term
.
Name the mesentery, which attaches from the lesser curvature of the stomach to the hilus of the liver? What three structures run in the free margin of this mesentery? |
|
Definition
Lesser omentum. Hepatic a., portal v., and common bile duct. |
|
|
Term
| In relationship to blood vessels what does the term anastomose mean? |
|
Definition
| Two or more vessels that join together. |
|
|
Term
Be able to give a definition of a portal system. (The body has two portal systems - hepatic and the hypophyseal) |
|
Definition
Venous system. From on capillary bed to another capillary bed without an intervening arterial system. |
|
|
Term
| What structure attaches to the greater curvature of the stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With blockage of the superior mesenteric artery what is the significance of the marginal artery supplying the intestines? |
|
Definition
| Blood can flow backwards when there is a blockage being able to supply all parts of the intestine. |
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical significance of the Z-line at the esophageal-gastric junction? |
|
Definition
| This is the point where the epithelium of the esophagus and stomach meet. In gastric reflex the acid of the stomach will eat away the lining of the esophagus causing ulceration of the esophagus. |
|
|
Term
| identify the costodiaphragmatic recess |
|
Definition
| between the ribs and the diaphragm |
|
|
Term
| identify the gastrosplenic ligament |
|
Definition
| between stomach and spleen |
|
|
Term
identify the
splenorenal ligament
|
|
Definition
| between spleen and kidney |
|
|
Term
| identify the hilus of the liver |
|
Definition
| where structures enter and leave the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arises from one venous capillary bed to another venous capillary bed without an intervening arterial system. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three identifying characteristics of the large intestine that distinguishes it from small intestine? |
|
Definition
| Teniae coli, haustra, and omental appendices. |
|
|
Term
What is the importance of intestinal gutters? |
|
Definition
Infection travels along these peritoneal depressions (gutters) |
|
|
Term
| Identify the three places where the ureter is constricted. |
|
Definition
| 1. junction of ureter and renal pelvis, 2. passes over the pelvic brim, and 3. enters the urinary bladder. |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship of the suprarenal (adrenal) glands to the kidneys and the diaphragm? |
|
Definition
| On the superior pole of the kidney and inferior to the diaphragm. |
|
|
Term
| Where do the blood vessels to the suprarenal glands originate? |
|
Definition
| nf. phrenic artery, abdominal aorta, and renal artery |
|
|
Term
| What is the relationship of the suprarenal (adrenal) glands to the kidneys and the diaphragm? |
|
Definition
| On the superior pole of the kidney and inferior to the diaphragm. |
|
|
Term
| Where do the blood vessels to the suprarenal glands originate? |
|
Definition
| inf. phrenic artery, abdominal aorta, and renal artery |
|
|
Term
What is the difference between the renal sinus and the renal pelvis? |
|
Definition
Sinus contains the r. artery, r. vein and ureter.
|
|
|
Term
What is the relationship of the renal fascia and fat to the kidney?
|
|
Definition
fat is on the outside of the fascia
|
|
|
Term
Identify the main muscles of the posterior abdominal wall. |
|
Definition
iliacus, quaadratus lumborum, psoas major |
|
|
Term
Identify the three largest nerves of the lumbar plexus and in general what structures do they supply? |
|
Definition
obturator, femoral, and lumboscral trunk. |
|
|
Term
What are the branches of the internal iliac artery? |
|
Definition
gluteal, obturator, pudendal, vesicle. |
|
|
Term
What is the landmark for the division of the true pelvis from the false pelvis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the male reproductive glands makes the largest contribution to semen?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
In the male this gland can obstruct the urethra. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structures compose the spermatic cord? |
|
Definition
| ductus deferens, testicular artery, pampiniform plexus of veins, dartos muscle, etc. |
|
|
Term
| What three layers make up the wall of the uterus? |
|
Definition
| perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium |
|
|
Term
What are the bones that form the pelvic girdle? |
|
Definition
right and left hip bones (ilium, ischium, pubis) and sacrum. |
|
|
Term
| What is the importance of the subpubic angle? |
|
Definition
| The angle is a landmark to identify the male from the female pelvic bone. |
|
|
Term
| What muscles form the pelvic diaphragm? |
|
Definition
| levator ani and coccygeus muscles. |
|
|
Term
Which muscle of the pelvic floor can be torn in childbirth?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does fertilization normally take place? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vesicle trigone and what is its importance? |
|
Definition
| The area between the entrance of the ureters and the exit of the urethra. This area has a different epithelial lining and it is more common to find bladder cancer in this area because of its developmental origin. |
|
|
Term
| Be able to identify a structure in the pelvic region by a description of the surrounding anatomical structures. |
|
Definition
| EX. The pubic symphysis lies anterior to the urinary bladder. |
|
|
Term
| Describe the location of the urinary bladder. Identify the layers of the urinary bladder. |
|
Definition
Layers: a. mucosa (lining – transitional epithelium),
b. submucosa (connective tissue) and c. inner and outer smooth muscle (detrusor muscle –depresses the u. bladder). |
|
|
Term
| What is an ectopic pregnancy? Identify the most common area(s) of the body where they can be located |
|
Definition
| Ectopic – outside of the uterus. Uterine tube most common. |
|
|
Term
What is the arterial supply to the perineum?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are hemorrhoids? What is the difference between external and internal hemorrhoids? |
|
Definition
External – are blood clots in the external anal plexus. Internal – prolapse of internal rectal mucosa with blood vessels. |
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