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| (T or F) Conflict can sometimes enrich organizational outcomes, but it can also disrupt work processes and contribute to poor performance. |
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| (T or F) Although there were many sources of conflict between developers and testers, one issue that was rarely raised by the field interviews conducted by the authors was that of time. The management of time between development and testing was rarely a source of conflict. |
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| (T or F) One problem reported in this study was the tendency of testers to be more focused on user requirements than the developers. The testers tended to see things more from a user-oriented perspective than the developers. |
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Testers and managers describe developers as having which of the following characteristics (check all that apply):
___ a. compulsive
___ b. lacking in creativity
___ c. temperamental
___ d. individualistic |
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| (T or F) Many developers view their code as an extension of themselves and thus take it personally when someone finds fault with it. |
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| (T or F) The study found that many managers felt that testers felt themselves as being at the top of the corporate power structure. Managers saw developers as being less respected than testers. |
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| (T or F) The authors mention a technique for intelligent time management called critical chain scheduling. This requires that testers be told up front, in advance, that testing time might need to be sacrificed in order assure timely product delivery. |
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| (T or F) The authors felt that training in conflict-resolution for testers and developers would be a waste of time. |
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In order to get testers and developers to understand each other’s points of view, the authors suggest the following (check all that apply):
___ a. job rotation (done wisely)
___ b. early and consistent involvement of testers in the requirements planning phase
___ c. group therapy sessions |
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| (T or F) Another approach for improving teamwork that the authors recommend is physical co-location of testers and developers. Another way of stating this is fully integrated teams of testers and developers. |
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| (T or F) Managers must signal that testing is an important component of the software development process, not an unrelated activity. |
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Which of the following appears in Robert L. Glass’s list of the three best software engineering practices? (Check all that apply)
___ a. big up front design
___ b. inspections
___ c. black box testing
___ d. white box testing |
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| (T or F) Empirical studies of inspections tend to indicate that inspections are the most useful, most cost-effective form of defect removal. |
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Which of the following is true concerning the resources that are required for implementing code inspections? (Check all that apply)
___ a. many people (although the numbers vary according to the empirical study) are required to perform them effectively
___ b. inspections do not require much preparation, but once being conducted, they are time consuming
___ c. a trained manager whose job is specifically and only to manage and conduct inspections
___ d. rigorous thinking |
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| (T or F) Most companies don’t do many inspections and some do none at all because of the resource requirements are so demanding. |
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| (T or F) Empirical studies confirm again and again that formal meetings (sometimes called a Fagan inspection process) are by far the best and only way to conduct code inspections. |
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| (T or F) Empirical studies are now showing that individual inspections, with appropriately trained individuals assigned the task of reading over the code) may be better than the formal meeting approach. |
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| (T or F) One of the author’s fundamental conclusions is that inspection meetings are essential for a successful quality assurance process. |
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| (T or F) Although the project that the authors describe adopted many XP practices, the development team refused to have daily stand-up meetings. |
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The authors state that their project differed from classic XP projects in three respects. Which of the following was NOT in their list (check one):
___ a. Their project required detailed, up-front specifications, as part of the development practice.
___ b. Acceptance testing was done only by the customer, whereas other forms of testing where done by professional software testers.
___ c. Instead of having the customer do the acceptance testing, thorough acceptance testing was done but not just by the customer.
___ d. The project used continuous creation of automated acceptance tests rather than unit tests. |
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| (T or F) Since developers had to learn how to do testing and were responsible for writing tests for each new feature, developers became more aware of testing as a process and this improved the quality of the software. |
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| (T or F) At the end of each iteration, the development team considered any task that lacked full written tests as incomplete even if they were already presented to the customer. |
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The authors state that professional testers are often reluctant to adopt agile methods and to integrate themselves with the developers. They give two reasons for this. One of the following reasons was not in their list (check one):
___ a. They give the contamination argument, that tests must be independent of the developers.
___ b. They complain that the continuous integration process greatly complicates their work because developers are always prejudiced that their code cannot break the system.
___ c. Testers should be driven by the formal requirements, not by what developers tell them face to face in informal communications. |
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The main goal of the authors is (check one):
a. ___ To develop software that will automatically generate tests that are guaranteed to cause all lines of code in a program to execute
b. ___ Completely automate the testing process so human decisions are replaced by the automated tool’s intelligence.
c. ___ Develop tools that will automatically generate test suites that will cover a fair proportion (e.g., 50%) of the code in the software to be tested |
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| (T or F) The authors argue that neither static test generation nor dynamic test generation can solve the problem of going through all program paths if the program is calling a mathematically sophisticated function. |
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| (T or F) Dynamic test generation is the key to the three tools the authors developed at Microsoft, the three tools that the authors discuss in this paper. |
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| (T or F) The SAGE tool has been successful in finding security-related bugs previously unknown in certain Microsoft products. |
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The following code illustrates the use of pre-conditions and post-conditions in (check one):
a. ____ PUT
b. ____ SAGE
c. ____ Yogi
Here is the code:
void TestAdd(ArrayList list, object element) {
Assume.IsNotNull(list)
list.Add(element)
Assert.IsTrue(list.Contains(element)) |
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The main results of the survey conducted by the authors included the following (check all that apply):
___ a. Very few companies conduct software reviews.
___ b. Many companies conduct software reviews, but with motivation differing from company to company.
___ c. Review approaches were extremely uniform and highly systematic.
___ d. Almost all companies have come to doubt the usefulness of code reviews. |
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Definition
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| (T or F) The authors were surprised to find that no company used checklists to help readers find defects in the code they were reviewing. |
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| (T or F) The authors assert very strongly that the survey results were not biased since they used statistical methods to assure that the responding companies fairly represented the entire software development industry in the countries that were surveyed. |
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The respondents to the survey indicated the following as important benefits of conducting software reviews (i.e., a significant number of respondents indicated that these were befits) (check all that apply):
___ a. defect reduction
___ b. lower development costs
___ c. improved team communication
___ d. standards enforcement |
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| (T or F) The respondents reported, on average, about ten reviewers per review. |
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| (T or F) An important finding in this research is that almost all companies that collect data during code reviews use that data to help them with software process improvement. |
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