Term
| What are the 3 parts of a computer system? |
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Definition
1. CPU (central processing unit) which takes a program and executes it
2. Memory that holds the program and data
3. Subsystems required to turn a chip into a practical system |
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Term
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Definition
| it is the part of a computer that executes the program |
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Term
| What is a microprocessor? |
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Definition
| it is a CPU fabricated on a single chip of silicon |
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Term
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Definition
| it is a computer that is constructed around a microprocessor |
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Term
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Definition
| It is where the information is stored |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of memory? |
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Definition
1. Cache
2. Main store
3. Secondary store |
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Term
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Definition
| it is special purpose, high-speed memory that holds frequently used data |
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Term
| What is main store memory? |
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Definition
| it is the memory that holds the bulk of working data |
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Term
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Definition
| buses connect subsystems of a computer by moving data from one part to another |
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Term
| What are expansion interfaces (or bridges)? |
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Definition
| they allow the exchange of data between buses with different characteristics |
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Term
| What are the 5 classes of computers? |
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Definition
1. von Neumann stored program digital computer
2. Analog computer
3. Neural computer
4. Quantum computer
5. Biochemical computer |
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Term
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Definition
| the information you give to the computer |
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Term
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Definition
| The information the computer gives back to you |
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Term
| What is a general-purpose machine? |
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Definition
| it's a computer whose hardware is directed by a program that can be changed. |
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Term
| What does it mean if a machine is hard wired? |
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Definition
| it means the computer's function (program) cannot be changed other than by physically rerouting the wires of the computer |
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Term
| What are the two parts of a digital computer? |
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Definition
1. CPU
- reads and executes the operations specified by the program
2. Memory system
- which stores the program and the data |
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Term
| What are stored program machines? |
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Definition
| it's a computer that stores the program and the data in a single memory system |
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Term
| What does information mean? |
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Definition
| Information refers to the data and instructions held inside the computer |
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Term
| What happens during a write cycle? |
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Definition
| data generated by the program flows from the CPU to the memory, where it is stored for later use |
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Term
| What happens during a read cycle? |
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Definition
| the CPU requests data, which is transferred from the memory to the CPU |
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Term
| What does it mean for a computer to have Harvard Architecture? |
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Definition
| it means that the computer stores data and instructions in different memories (and has separate buses for data and instructions) |
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Term
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Definition
| registers are internal, single-element location that hold data |
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Term
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Definition
| a finite list of well-defined instructions that carries out an operation. |
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Term
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Definition
| A program is a set of computer instructions that implements an algorithm. It has to compile, link, and run |
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Term
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Definition
| it falls between an algorithm and a a program. Some parts compile and some do not. |
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Term
| Instruction set architecture is |
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Definition
Assembly language level or what the programmer can see or use.
Includes 4 things:
1. data types (bits per word),
2. the registers that the programmer has direct control over,
3. instruction types,
4. formatting and addressing modes.
It's an abstract model of a computer that describes what it does not how is does it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Computer Organization is the hardware used to implement the instruction set. Registers, adders, pipelines, cache, shift registers, floating point processor, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Microarchitecture is how the hardware is implemented on the chip. Layers, masks, buses, connections between the various hardware elements. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is what is run on the CPU. It is the 1's and 0's that are translated from your C++, Python or Java program. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is the human readable version of the Machine Code. ADD, LDA, STA, TRX, etc. |
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Term
| "A computer's organization represents the implementation of its __________" |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| what is the end use of the computer |
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Term
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Definition
| What software is used to design or create applications for the computer. |
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Term
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Definition
| The number of "devices" (transistors) per chip doubles every 18 to 24 months [implies that that the performance of processors doubles every 18 months] |
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Term
| Instruction set architecture |
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Definition
| (ISA) which is the abstract view of the computer architecture |
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Term
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Definition
| it's code that will run on entirely different types of computers and have to be compiled into the computer's native machine code before they can be executed. |
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Term
| Instruction set architecture includes 3 things: |
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Definition
1. Data types (number of bits per word and the interpretation of the bits
2. the registers used to hold temporary data
3. The type of instructions and their formats
4. Addressing modes which are the ways of expressing the location of the data in memory |
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Term
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Definition
| microcode defines the set of primitive operations that are carried out in order to interpret machine code |
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Term
| Architecture refers to... |
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Definition
| the computer's abstract instruction set (ISA) |
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Term
| Organization refers to... |
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Definition
| the computer's implementation in terms of actual hardware |
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Term
| Microarchitecture refers to... |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a computer clock? |
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Definition
| a clock generates a continuous stream of regularly spaced electric pulses. |
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Term
| What are the clock units? |
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Definition
| Clocks are defined in terms of its repetition rate or frequency (1 MHz to 4.5 GHz) and pulse duration/width |
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Term
| How is clock frequency measured? |
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Definition
Frequency = 1/t
Unit of measure is Hertz |
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Term
| How is the clock cycle measured? |
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Definition
| 1/frequency in seconds (milli, micro, or nanoseconds) |
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Term
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Definition
| it is a value that does not change during the execution of a program. |
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Term
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Definition
| a value that can change during the execution of a program |
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Term
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Definition
| a name given to a variable or constant that makes it easier for a person to read and understand |
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Term
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Definition
| Location where memory is stored |
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Term
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Definition
| A variable whose value is an address |
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Term
| Computers without clocks are called ____________ |
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Definition
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Term
| What is register transfer language? (RTL) |
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Definition
| it expresses the movement of data in a digital computer |
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Term
| What is register transfer language? (RTL) |
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Definition
| it expresses the movement of data in a digital computer |
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