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‘inward, to cover’, is composed of skin, hair, oil and sweat glands, nails and sensory receptors |
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| study of skin’, the medical specialty that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of integumentary system disorders |
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aka the integument or the cutaneous membrane is the largest organ of
the body. |
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| classification of stratified squamous epithelium with five types of cells |
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| 90% of cells arranged in 4-5 layers (strata) |
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| a water repellant sealant |
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| ‘black cells’, 8% of epidermal cells, produce melanin, yellow- red or brown-black pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs UV light. |
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| arise from red bone marrow; they participate in immune responses |
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| least numerous of epidermal cells, located in deepest layer of epidermis, contacts flattened portion of a sensory neuron known as a merkel (tactile) disc |
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| undifferentiated stem cells |
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| ‘base’, deepest layer of epidermis, single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes. Stem cells |
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| ‘thornlike’, 8-10 layers of many sided keratinocytes. |
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‘little grains’, 3-5 layers of flattened keratinocytes undergoing
apoptosis |
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‘clear’, present only in thick skin, fingertips, palms and soles. 3-
5 layers of flattened, clear, dead keratinocytes |
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‘horn/horny’, 25-30 layers of flattened dead keratinocytes which
shed from the apical layer and are replaced by cells of the deeper strata. |
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| an abnormal thickening of the stratum corneum |
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| as cells move from one epidermal layer to the next, they accumulate more keratin. |
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| an excessive # keratinized cells shed from the skin of the scalp. |
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the second or deeper part of the skin, composed of strong connective tissue
containing collagen and elastic fibers with great tensile strength and ability to
stretch and recoil. |
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makes up 1/5th of the dermis and consists of areolar C.T. with thin
collagen and fine elastic fibers. |
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‘nipples’, small, fingerlike structures that project into the
undersurface of the dermis. Contains capillary loops, tactile receptors known as
meissner corpuscles or corpuscles of touch and free nerve endings. |
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‘netlike’, attached to the subQ layer and consists of dense
irregular connective tissue with fibroblasts, interlacing bundles of collagen and some coarse fibers, a few adipose cells, hair follicles, nerves and blood vessels. |
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| stretch marks, visible as red or silvery white streaks on the skin surface. |
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a series of ridges and grooves that appear either as straight
lines or a pattern of loops and whorls on the tips of fingers & toes, palms, and
soles. |
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| he study of the pattern of epidermal ridges |
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| amount and type of melanin (yellow-red, brown-black) contributes to skin color |
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| red color due to the oxygen carrying pigment in red blood cells |
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| ‘carrot’, is a yellow-orange pigment. |
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| the inherited inability of an individual to produce melanin which is missing from the hair, eyes and skin. |
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| the partial or complete loss of melanocytes from patches of skin produces irregular white spots. |
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| a permanent coloration of the skin, in which a foreign pigment is deposited into the dermis with a needle. |
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| the insertion of jewelry through an artificial opening. |
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| Accessory structures of the skin |
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Definition
| hair, skin glands, and nails- develop from the embryonic epidermis |
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| aka pili is present on skin surfaces except the palms, the palmar surfaces of the fingers, the soles of the feet. |
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| each hair is composed of columns of dead keratinized epidermal cells bonded together by extracellular proteins. |
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| is the superficial portion of the hair, which projects avove the surface of the skin. |
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| portion of the hair deep to the shaft that penetrates into the dermis and sometimes the subQ |
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| surrounds the root of the hair, made up of the external root sheath and an internal root sheath |
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| downward continuation of the epidermis |
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produced by the matrix & forms a tubular sheath
between the external root sheath and the hair. |
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| the dense dermis surrounding the hair |
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| at the base of each hair follicle is an onion shaped structure |
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a nipple-shaped indentation which contains areolar
C.T. and blood vessels |
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the site of cell division, cells arise from the stratum basale,
produces new hairs when old hairs are shed. |
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a bundle of smooth muscle and attaches to the hair, pulls the
hair shafts perpendicular to the skin. |
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dendrites of neurons sensitive to touch generate nerve
impulses if their shafts are moved. |
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| the partial or complete lack of hair |
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Definition
| by 5th month of development, downy hairs cover the body of the fetus |
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long, coarse, heavily pigmented hairs replace the lanugo of
the eyebrows, eyelashes and scalp. |
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Definition
| ‘peach fuzz’, replaces the lanugo of the rest of the body. |
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Definition
| glands are epithelial cells that secret a substance. |
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Definition
‘greasy’, aka oil glands, are simple branched acinar glands
that are mostly connected to hair follicles and secret sebum |
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Definition
‘sweat, bearing’, aka sweat glands which releases sweat
directly onto the skin surface through pores. |
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Definition
‘secreting outwardly’, aka merocrine sweat glands,
simple coiled tubular glands which are more common than apocrine glands. |
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sweat that evaporated from the skin before it is
perceived as moisture |
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sweat that is excreted in larger amounts and is seen as
moisture on the skin. |
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aka cold sweat, sweat released in response to an
emotional stress. |
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| ‘separated from’, are simple coiled tubular glands found mainly in skin of the axilla, groin, areolae, and beards of adult males. |
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| modified sweat glands in external ear which produce a waxy lubricating secretion, called cerumen or earwax |
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| plates of tightly packed, hard dead, keratinized epidermal cells that form a clear, solid covering over the dorsal surfaces of the distal portions of the digits. |
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| visible portion of the nail. |
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| part of nail body that extends beyond distal end of digit. |
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| portion of nail that is buried in a fold of skin. |
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whitish crescent-shaped area of the proximal end of the nail body with
thickened epithelium underneath |
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Definition
‘below nail’, aka nail bed, a thickened region of stratum
corneum which secures the nail to the fingertip. |
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Definition
‘above nail’, aka cuticle, a narrow band of epidermis that extends
from and adheres to the margin of the nail wall |
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the proximal portion of the epithelium deep to the nail root where
cells divide by mitosis to produce growth. |
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| Thermoregulation • Blood Reservoir • Protection • Cutaneous Sensations • Excretion and Absorption • Synthesis of Vitamin D |
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| wound may extend to dermis, includes abrasions and minor burns. Cells enlarge & migrate across the wound. |
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| migration of epidermal cells stops completely when they come in contact with each other on all sides. |
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Definition
Injury extends to the dermis and subcutaneous layer, scar tissue is formed and there is some loss of normal function.1. Inflammatory phase • Inflammation: vascular & cellular response that helps eliminate
microbes, foreign material, and dying tissue in preparation for repair. 2. Migratory phase: The clot becomes a scab. Epithelial cells migrate beneath
the scab to bridge the wound.
3.
Granulation tissue: The tissue filling in the wound • Proliferative phase: extensive regrowth of epithelial cells beneath scab. • Fibrosis: the process of scar tissue formation • Hypertrophic scar: scar remains within the boundaries of original
wound • Keloid/cheloid scar: scar extends beyond boundaries into normal
surround tissues 4. Maturation phase: the scab sloughs off when epidermis restored to normal
thickness. |
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Term
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Definition
vascular & cellular response that helps eliminate
microbes, foreign material, and dying tissue in preparation for repair. |
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Term
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Definition
The clot becomes a scab. Epithelial cells migrate beneath
the scab to bridge the wound. |
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Definition
| The tissue filling in the wound |
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| extensive regrowth of epithelial cells beneath scab. • Fibrosis: the process of scar tissue formation |
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Definition
| the process of scar tissue formation |
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Term
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Definition
scar remains within the boundaries of original
wound |
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Definition
scar extends beyond boundaries into normal
surround tissues |
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Definition
the scab sloughs off when epidermis restored to normal
thickness. |
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