Term
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Definition
| 126 bones • It includes bones of the upper and lower limbs • Girdles attach the limbs to the axial skeleton |
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Term
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Definition
• Each upper limb has 32 bones • Two separate regions
1. The pectoral (shoulder) girdle (2 bones) 2. The free part (30 bones) |
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Term
| PECTORAL GIRDLE – CLAVICLE |
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Definition
| • The medial end articulates with the sternum forming the sternoclavicular joint • The lateral end articulates with the acromion forming the acromioclavicular joint • The clavicle is convex in shape anteriorly near the sternal junction • The clavicle is concave anteriorly on its lateral edge near the acromion |
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Term
| PECTORAL GIRDLE – SCAPULA |
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Definition
• Also called the shoulder blade, Triangular in shape • Special features include the spine, acromion, coracoid process and the glenoid cavity, 3
borders, 2 angles & 3 fossa |
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Term
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Definition
| a large process on the posterior of the scapula that ends laterally as the acromion |
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Term
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Definition
| articulates with the head of the humerus: glenohumeral joint |
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Term
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Definition
• Longest and largest bone of the free part of the upper limb • The proximal ball-shaped end articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula • The distal end articulates at the elbow with the radius and ulna • Special features: greater & lesser tubercles, deltoid tuberosity, medial & lateral epicondyles.
Coronoid, olecranon & radial fossae |
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Term
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Definition
| a round knob-like process on the lateral distal humerus |
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Term
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Definition
| medial to the capitulum, is a spool-shaped projection on the distal humerus |
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Term
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Definition
| Humerus articulates with the ulna |
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Term
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Definition
| Humerus articulates with the radius |
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Term
| BONES OF THE FOREARM – ULNA |
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Definition
• The longer of the two forearm bones • Located medial to the radius • Special features: olecranon & coronoid processes, trochlear notch, radial notch, styloid
process |
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Term
| BONES OF THE FOREARM – RADIUS |
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Definition
• Lies lateral to the ulna (thumb side of the forearm) • The head articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna:
proximal radioulnar joint
• The head of the ulna articulates with the ulnar notch on the radius, distal radioulnar joint • The shafts of both the radius & ulna are held together by the interosseus membrane joint • Distal end of the radius forms a joint with the scaphoid, lunate & triquetum as the
radiocarpal joints
• Other features: radial tuberosity, styloid process, scaphoid facet, lunate facet |
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Term
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Definition
| • The carpus (wrist) consists of 8 small bones (carpals) • Two rows of carpal bones • Proximal row - scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform • Distal row - trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate • Intercarpal joints: joints between the individual carpal bones |
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Term
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Definition
• Five metacarpals - numbered I-V, lateral to medial • 14 phalanges - two in the thumb (pollex) and three in each of the other fingers • Each phalanx has a base, shaft, and head • Joints – carpometacarpal (proximal metacarpals & carpals) &, metacarpophalangeal
(between heads of metacarpals & phalanges) , interphalangeal joints, (between the proximal & middle and middle and distal phalanges) |
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Term
| SKELETON OF THE LOWER LIMBS |
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Definition
• Two separate regions
1. A single pelvic girdle (2 bones) 2. The free part (30 bones) |
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Term
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Definition
| hip bones, coxal bones, os coxa(e) • Each coxal (hip) bone consists of three bones that fuse together: ilium, pubis, and ischium • Connects the bones of the lower limbs to the axial skeleton • The two coxal bones are joined anteriorly by the pubic symphysis joint • Joined posteriorly by the sacrum forming the sacroiliac joints |
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Term
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Definition
| ring of hip bones: includes coxal bones and sacrum |
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Term
| THE ILIUM, ISCHIUM AND PUBIS |
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Definition
• Ilium is the superior part of the hip bone • Ischium - inferior and posterior part of the hip bone • Pubis - inferior and anterior part of the hip bone • Special features: arcuate line, acetabulum, obturator foramen, ischial spine, greater & lesser
sciatic notch, ischial tuberosity, iliac crest, anterior superior & inferior iliac spines, Posterior superior & inferior iliac spines, superior & inferior rami (ramus singular) of pubis |
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Term
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Definition
| inferior and posterior part of the hip bone |
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Term
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Definition
| inferior and anterior part of the hip bone |
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Term
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Definition
| a line from the sacral promontory to the upper part of the pubic symphysis |
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Term
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Definition
| lies above this line (Fig 8.9b) |
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Term
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Definition
| the bony pelvis inferior to the pelvic brim, has an inlet, an outlet and a cavity |
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Term
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Definition
| • Males - bone are larger and heavier • Pelvic inlet is smaller and heart shaped • Pubic arch is less the 90° • Female - wider and shallower • Pubic arch is greater than 90° |
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Term
| SKELETON OF THE THIGH –FEMUR & PATELLA |
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Definition
• Femur - longest, heaviest, and strongest bone in the body • Proximally, the head articulates with the acetabulum of the hip bone forming the hip joint:
iliofemoral joint • The condyles of the femus articulate with the condyles of the tibia forming tibiofemoral
joint
• Special features: head, with fovea capitis, neck, greater & lesser trochanters, intertrochanteric crest, linea aspera, medial and lateral condyles, intercondylar fossa, medial & lateral epicondyles |
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Term
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Definition
| • Largest sesamoid bone in the body • articulates with the patellar surface of femur Patellofemoral Joint • base, apex, articular facet |
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Term
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Definition
• The larger, medial weight-bearing bone of the leg • Special features: medial & lateral condyles, intercondylar eminence, tibial tuberosity,
medial maleolus • Forms joints with the fibula: proximal & distal tibiofibular joint |
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Term
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Definition
| • The smaller, laterally placed bone of the leg • Special features: head, lateral maleolus |
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Term
| SKELETON OF THE FOOT – TARSALS, METATARSALS & PHALANGES |
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Definition
• The talus forms joints with the fibula and tibia: talocrural joint • Seven tarsal bones - talus, calcaneus, navicular, cuboid and three cuneiforms, form the
intertarsal joints
• Five metatarsals - (I-V) base, shaft, head • 14 phalanges – (I–V), proximal, middle & distal, form the: interphalangeal joints |
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Term
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Definition
| Two arches support the weight of the body |
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