Ideology is performed

"ideology has a material existence"

ideology is inescapable because we are constituted by  it

"there is no people outside of ideology"

analysis attempts to unveil the secrets of form

illusion cannot be straight forward becuase reality contains the distortion

consisten defender of literaty realism

critical realism vs. naturalism

celebration with critical realism was ollosed

wanted to sketh a specific type of realism

naturalist writers overemphasize detail

opposed by contemprary marxists who defended on modernism

preferred literary modernism over conventional realism

style form and technique

artistic form is how the art is portrayed

wrote in german style that is hard to translate into english

was jewish and escaped from the Nazis

committed suicide in 1940

loved modernist art and modernist literature

the superstructure is the expression of the base

new practices of contemporary film have Shock and Aura

defined itself by being different fromt he more mainstream marxism.

characterized by a turn to culture as a result of political disappoint

menand women do not live by culture alone

majority of them have been deprived of the chance of living by it at all

those who live by culture live by it because of the labor of others

any clutureal of critical theory which does not begin from this single most important fact is unlikely to be worth very much

defines culture as a whole way of life

no separation between the culture and social ways

marxists ways are varied so there are no ways to do it the same way

art alone resits appropriation by the marketplace

marxists celebrate lietrary realism

cannot exist outside of society

separation from society is still a response of the relationship it holds

(Uberbau) non economic forms of production forms of production

economic sturcture of the base

stressing human practice

social class as a cultural and economic phenomenon

1. illusions, distortions

2. values, beliefs

false consciousness

thinking in ways that unlike your own

change will only be possible through a change in the material powers

Marx's writing evolved

the ideas that are in favor of the ruling class will be heightened to hel them out

universal and inevitable

"let the facts speak for themselves"

dominant ideology is never total but it is in constant opposition

these non dominant ideologies may be residual or emergent forms or ideologies but they may be reincorporated within it

ideology as doctrine

1. political society (actual government)

2. Civil society ( family, church, trade union)

1. consensual power

2. coercive power

the realtionship among classes and sections. never absolute and static but is more changing.

assume that people are actively ivovled in their own living and learning

Gramsci

ideological power ideological state apparatus

Repressive power

Repressive state apparatus

used by a French philosopher to define theory of mind

ideology is relate to epistomology

1. forces of production, relations of production

2. class contradiction, human oppression

structuralism should be kept at limits becuase it threatens marxism

the future of Marxism is linked to philosophical principles

his book was written in collaborating with his co patriot Althusser

this book is fixed stable unit of analysis

"the political unconscious" 1981

Theoretical first chapter folloed by inerpretations of different chapters

"Criticism and Ideology"

one of the most recognizable Marxist writers

dissatiscationon the study of criticism and the incompatible differences between the groups

a truer more complete more vivd and more dynamic idea of reality

promoted the communist socialist attack on what is happening

critical realism

the idea and term of critical theory comes from the Frankfurt school

art cannot simply reflect the social system

it is the negative knowledge of the world

late twentieth century

a traditional history of cultural studies

wrote about culture in a new way

to read culture as part of society

cutlure was already determined by structures so it was almost completely determined to be synonymous to ideology

spectacle takes priority over narrative

refusal of human authority and construction of meanings

two paradigms are important

structuralism

culturalism

celebrated the rash ideas and subcultures

theoretically ally of culturalism

1. transcends the confines of a particular disciplines

2. politically engaged

3. denies the separation of high and low culture

analyzes not only the cultural work but also the means of production

rejects periodization of history and moves towards the different forms of power

episteme

history is not a form of social oppresion but is more discotinuous

social symbolic capital can be found in literary text

habitus

Laputa

episteme

habitus

hostility towards women in general

laputa is a trope for the female body

1. production analysis

2. textual analysis

3. audience analysis

4. historical anaylsis

Langue/parole

noticed that there is no set relationship between signified and signifier

pleasure vs. bliss

in french means orgasm

"readerly"

made to be read and passively consumed

scriptable

the one where the reader produces made to be written by the reader exists only in a theory a type of platonic idea

origins

tone and style

attitude to language

the evens of the past

telling a story about the events of the past

1. there ar two meanings of the word history

2. historical periods are not unified entities

3. historians can no longer claims that their study of the past is detached and objective

4. the realtions between literature and history must be rethought

less pessimistic form of historicism

1. the good subject who freely accepts the image of self

2. the bad subject who reused the identity offered by discourse

3. the subject who addbos a "third modality"

being more like art than we really think

they believe that we will disvoer the text but also the social aspects of having influence on ourselves aw we are looking at the text

1. juxtapose literary and noliterary texts

2. defarmiliarize the canonical literary text

3. focus attention on issues of state power, on patriarchal structures and on colonization

a focus on the hostorisy of events

creates culture by which it is created shapes the fantasies by which it is shaped

invented the term "sturcures of feeling"

meanings and values as they are lived and felt

1. read literary tect so as to recover its histories

2. foreground present transmission and contectualization

3. combine marxist and feminist approeaches

4. work within the canon

consistenly anti essentialist

cultures dont always flow into congruent patterns

writing was groundbreaking

analysis of african american literature