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indogenious research a professional researcher trains the lay researcher |
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there is no such design as naturalistic meta analysis |
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what is a primary purpose of action research |
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B. To generate knowledge and to inform responsive action pg 127 |
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which of the following is not a naturalistic design approach |
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B. non experimental design
what is... participatory critical theory phenomenological research |
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which of the following is not a characteristic of ethnography? |
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it measures behavior it is...naturalistic, examines cultures,reveals meaning |
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which of the following is not a characteristic of narrative inquiry |
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A. it is deductive
it is spoken, written, interpretive approach to inquiry |
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grounded theory is ________? |
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B. it integrates qualitative and quantitative |
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reasoning that the assumption is based on one truth |
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experimental research is the most rigorous form of investigation that should be used |
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the primary form of reasoning used in experimental research is? |
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deductive reasoning is primarily used to do which of the following? |
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describe, test, predict the application of theory to a specific phenomenon |
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which of the following list the 4 criteria of research? |
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logical, confirmable, understandable, useful pg 10 |
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all of the following fit a definition of research except one |
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1. any approach to learning new knowledge right answers it involves multiple systemic approaches it involves different thinking and action processes four criteria action research |
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naturalistic data analysis relies on statistical computation? |
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experimental type research is _____? |
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Hierarchical in the sequences of events |
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which of the following list 5 of the ten essentials of research? |
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B. identify phils. foundation identify theory base select a design strategy obtain info share and use research knowledge |
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experimental type research is based on the unifying philosophical foundation of which of the following? |
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in experimental type research investigators set boundaries through which of the following? |
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experimental type research shares a common frame of reference referred to as logical positivism whereas natural inquiry designs may reflect different philosophical positions ? |
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a primary aim of naturalistic inquiry is to reveal complexity |
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epistemology is defined as the preferred way of knowing |
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which of the following lists the 4 major categories of design in experimental type research. |
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which of the following is not a major design category of naturalistic design |
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crossover the right ones are grounded theory narrative meta analysis |
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selecting a design strategy is based on the following? |
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All of the above
personal comfort purpose of study level of knowledge development feasibility scientific gaps |
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what is more important to consider when framing a research problem |
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personal interest identifying research gap epistemology |
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The federal registar ___________ |
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is a daily publication of the US government |
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which of the following are purposes in experimental type research |
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descriptive, explanatory, predictive |
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which of the following are purposes in naturalistic research |
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meta analysis, ethnography, heuristic inquiry |
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not all design strategies begin with a literature review |
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when reading research literature it is important to not be too critical |
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in naturalistic type inquiry literature may be reviewed at different points in the research process |
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which of the following is not a main reason for reviewing literature |
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d. provides exhaustive overview
right answers: determine previous research on topic determine relationship between current knowledge and identified problem provide design rationale |
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it is important to read the research literature critically to do which of the following? |
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All of the above understand level of knowledge of a particular problem area -identify gaps in knowledge development -determine next logical research step -identify potential measures of a particular study |
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an important step in reviewing research literature is to |
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a. set boundaries as to what is research |
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abstraction is defined as __________? |
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D. symbolic representation of shared experience |
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all of the above first order abstraction shared representation of an observed referent shared representation of an experienced referent |
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deductive studies should be considered when? |
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C. theories are well developed |
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inductive studies for use when |
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when there is limited theory development relevant to the topic of your research |
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which of the following is not an example of an hypothesis |
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A. fear of large dogs derives from childhood experiences
right ones as a pop ages mobility will become a great concern |
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phenomenological research queries focus on how individuals define their experiences |
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a research question in experimental type research has which of the following characteristics |
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A prori on or before entering the field |
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which of the following is not one of the 3 levels in experimental research |
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level one experimental question has which of the following characteristics |
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examines one variable in a predefined population |
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a research query in naturalistic inquiry has which of the following characteristics |
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a broad statement that identifies a particular phenomena and a context for a study |
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which type of research query is specifically used to generate theory |
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being a member of a group in which you are conducting a naturalistic study is an example of an emic |
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it is a systematic set of ways of thinking and acting and has distinct vocabularies that can be learned and used by anyone. Research includes any type of investigation that uncovers knowledge. |
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6 steps to conducting a literature review |
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1. Determine when to conduct a search 2. Delimit what is searched 3. Access databases for periodicals, books and documents 4. organize the info 5. critically evaluate the literature 6. write the literature review |
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patterns and concepts that emerge from an examination of information or data, which in some cases may relate to available theories and in other cases may not -used in naturalistic inquiry. This process involves the development of new theoretical propositions that can best account for a set of observations which cannot be accounted for or explained by a previous proposition or theoretical framework. |
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human reasoning that involves a process in which general rules evolve or develop from individual cases or from observation of a phenomenon. -used in naturalistic inquiry. involves fitting data, such as a set of observations, or propositions of an existing theory |
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moving from a general principle to understanding a specific case -used in experimental research |
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ability of the research design to answer the research question accurately. |
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refers to the capacity to generalize findings and develop inferences from the sample to study population stipulated in the research question |
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refers to the power of your study to draw statistical conclusions. Experimental research is to find relationships among variables and ultimately to predict the nature and direction of these relationships. |
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addresses the fit between the constructs that are the focus of the study and the way in which these constructs are operationalized. |
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philosophical school of thought characterized by a belief in a singular, knowable reality that exists separate from individual ideas and reductionism. |
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concept or construct to which a numerical value is assigned; by definition, it must have more than one value, even if the investigator is interested in only one condition |
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is the presumed cause of the dependent variable, the presumed effect |
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refers to the phenomenon that hte investigator seek to understand, explain, or predict. The undependent variale almost always precedes the dependent variable and may have a potential influence on it. |
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extraneous variable (intervening, confounding) |
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is a phenomenon that has an effect on the study variable but that may or may not be the object of the study |
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central characteristic of naturalistic inquiry that suggests there are multiple realities that can be identified and understand only within the natural context in which human experience and behavior occur |
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action process of maneuvering the independent variable so that the effect of of its presence, absence, or degree on the dependent variable can be observed. |
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stability of a research design |
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set of action processes that directs or manipulates factors to minimize extraneous variance in order to achieve an outcome |
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potential unintended or unavoidable effect on study outcomes |
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organizes information that you have reviewed and evaluated by key concept/construct and source. the matrix facilitates quick identification of the scholarship that address the specific concepts/constructs you need to discuss. |
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first level of purpose is |
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Second level of research is |
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third level of purpose for conducting research is |
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theoretical and methodological |
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considerations in setting study boundaries |
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1. researchers philosophical framework 2. study purpose 3. research question/query 4. research design 5. access to the objects of inquiry, investigators time frame and monetary limitations |
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symbolic representation of an observable or experienced referent |
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which of the following is or are the purpose of experimental type design |
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control variances restrict extraneous influences on the study insert cause of the outcome of the study reveal an objective reality |
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a. concept or construct to which numerical values are assigned |
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which of the following is not a type of variable in experimental research |
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concrete right: independent dependent extraneous |
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which of the following elements must be addressed in designing an exper. study |
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bias manipulation control reliability validity |
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which of the following is not a type of validity |
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which is not a characteristic of naturalistic inquiry |
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control right answers:
flexibility complexity pluralism |
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the two group randomized controlled trial is the best design to use for any type of research |
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survey design can be used to make predication about health outcomes in a population |
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meta analysis is a form of a survey- the unit of analysis of which is previously published research report |
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which element is not a characteristic of true experimental design |
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bias right: manipulation control randomization |
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randomization at the group assignment level refers too |
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assignments of persons by a method based on chance |
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manipulation in the true experimental design refers to the process of |
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to provide or withhold the independent variable in both the experimental or control group |
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which of the following is a limitation of the post test only experimental design |
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A. randomization may not have resulted in equivalence between experimental and control groups |
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which of the following notations is incorrect using cambel and stanley notation system |
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D. y= random group assignment
correct: R=random sample selection X=independent variable O=dependent variable |
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level one questions in experimental design |
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descriptive questions designed to elicit descriptions of a single topic or a single population. level 1 targets the concepts or constructs |
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level two questions in experimental design |
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relational questions build on and refine the results of level one studies. Explores relationships among phenomena that have already been identified and described "association" address relationship between variables |
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level 3 questions in experimental design |
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questions that ask about a cause and effect relationship among two or more variables with the specific purpose of testing knowledge or the theory behind the knowledge |
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