Term
| Constructivism is a reaction against |
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Definition
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Term
| How are created ideas misperceived as natural? |
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Definition
| One major reason is that ideas about race have been put into law (Haney Lopez 2006, 9)—ideas which persist in perception after legal reforms. |
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Term
| Three reasons that Lopez argues that whiteness is just another racial category |
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Definition
1) Who counts as white/non-white is defined only within a fluid, historical context (Haney Lopez 2006, xxi).
2) In some studies, “white” is just taken for granted (Haney Lopez 2006, 15-16).
3) However, this view that “white” is natural implies that race is a “special issue” for “minorities.” On the contrary, race orders entire societies. |
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Term
READING COMPREHENSION CHAPTER 1
What are Haney Lopez’s major questions? How will he answer them? How has he already given an initial response? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does law work to routinize naturalization? |
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Definition
—as opposed to legal actors—works to routinize linkages between the material (institutions), symbolic (ideas), and physical (markers) levels.
works coercively and ideologically to disguise this process of naturalizing race |
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Term
| How are courts constructing race? |
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Definition
| Courts claim to use common sense and scientific knowledge to ascertain who is white. But they are actually constructing whiteness |
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Term
| How is whiteness' transparency linked to its naturalization? |
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Definition
-Transparency is the blindness of whites to their racial identity. It results from and contributes to white privilege.
-Transparency is also supported by and supporting of naturalization—both scientific and commonsensical. |
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Term
| How do those already considered white have the power to say who will count as white? |
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Definition
Justices say that the “average man knows perfectly well…” that Bhagat Singh Thind is not white; they define legal whiteness by saying who is not white rather than who is white.
More generally, whites define whiteness as the opposite of whom whites consider not-white. |
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Term
| How is whiteness defined? |
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Definition
What is not-not-whiteness
is not only defined by the exclusion of not-white. It contains notions of superiority and socioeconomic privilege. It also contains an Americanized blend of European ethnicities. |
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Term
| What are the four possible racial futures for America? |
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Definition
1) White Exceptionalism; where whites are in charge even though they will be the minority,
(2) Black Exceptionalism; where they continue to be the voice of the minority and other minorities integrate,
(3) Multiracialism; where race is no longer used for power and only referred to in terms of cultural differences, and
(4) Latin Americanization; where the United States takes in the culture of Latin America due to the increase of Latin American Immigrants. |
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