Spectrum

the distrubution of sound energy throughout the audio frequency range

Psychoacoustics

Psychoacoustics is the study of subjective human perception of sounds

Timbre

the perception of the energy at each frequency

Frequency Making

when two sounds occur simultaneously and one sound is masked by the other

Harmonic Content

amount of energy in the fundamental and overtones

Duration

Reverberation

reflected sound arriving later than the direct sound

Temporal Masking

Amplitude

The maximum displacement of a periodic wave

Ambience

distinct and subtle sounds created by its environment

Beats

the perceived fluxuation caused by phase cancellation between 2 tones leass than 20 Hz apart

What are the Fletcher Munson Curves and what do they tell us?

Overdriving an Amplifier can cause what three things?

Non-Linear Distortion

Clipping

Creates Extra Harmonics

What is the difference of a 10db change in a level as opposed to a 10db change in loudness

10dB change in level is a measurable quantity

and

10 dB chnage in loudness is how we percieve it

How does the presence of harmonics as opposed to a pure tone, affect the perception of the pitch?

presence of harmonics make the pitch sound low

Are changes in level easier to hear in softer or louder sounds? Higher or Lower frequencies?

Changes in level are easier to hear in louder sounds and in higher frequencies.

Cutting;

below 200Hz;

below 500Hz;

below 1000Hz

;less body,emphasis on midrange,cuts on parts of bass

;less of midrange content, sound like radio

;nasally, brittle

Cuttin above:

 8kHz;

5kHz;

2kHz;

;crispness and air is lost,doesn't feel as lively and syballance lost

;midrange;muffled

;muffled consanance; low end emphasized

Describe some effects of cutting on male and female voices.

200Hz removes resonance

500Hz small speaker sound

1000Hz nasal quality

8khz sibillance

5kHz Clarity

2kHz muffles

What change would you make, to what frequencies, to give music a "telephone" quality?

place a bandpassed filter that ranges from 300Hz to 3kHz

Why are noise bands used for masking?

random distribution of energy across a range of frequencies more effective than pure tones

How is frequency of beating determined?

The numerical difference between the two frequencies