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Critical Care Paramedic
Medications
10
Pharmacology
Professional
03/27/2015

Additional Pharmacology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Beta-agonist Medications 

(Activate Beta-2 receptors in the respiratory tract, causing bronchodilation)

Common Side Effects: Tachycardia, Hypo- and Hyper- tension, Chest pain, CNS stimulation, Palpitations

Special Considerations: prolonged use of Albuterol may cause metabolic acidosis, Caution in pt's with Cardovascular Disease

Definition

Indications: Reactive airway Disease, Bronchospasm

Albuterol (Ventolin): Neb., MDI

Levalbuterol (Xopenex):Neb. MDI

Terbutaline (Brethine): SC

Epinephrine (Adrenaline): Neb., SC, IM, IV

Term

Anticholinergic Bronchodilator Medicaitons

(Block acetylcholine at bronchial smooth-muscle receptor sites)

Common Side Effects: Palpitations, Bronchitis

Special Considerations: Administerd only every 6-8 hours


Definition

Indications: Reactive airway disease, Bronchospasm

Ipatropium (Atrovent): Neb., MDI

Term

Theophyllin Derivatives

(Block phosphodiesterase and stimulate the release of endogenous catecholamines)

Common Side Effects: Tachycardia, Nervousness, Nausea, Vomiting

Special Considerations: Numerous food and medications interactions may occur

Definition

Indications: Reactive airway disease, Bronchospasm

Theophylline or Aminophylline: PO and IV

Term

Corticosteroids

(Suppress immune response; restore normal capillary permability; limit neutrophil migration)

Common Side Effects: Insomnia, nerviousness, Immunosuppression, Hyperglycemia

Special Considerations: Pt's with active infections, Numerous interactions may occur espically with  long term use. 

Definition

Indications: Inflammatory disorders, airway edema, Cerebral edema, Hight-altitude pulmonary edema

Methylprednisolone (Solumedrol): IM or IV

Prednisone: PO

Dexamethasone (Decadron): PO and IV

Prednisolone: PO

Term

Alpha-adrenergic Antagonists

(Block alpha receptors in vascular smooth muscle, preventing vasoconstriction from catecholamines)

Common Side Effects: Hypotension, Tachycardia, Dizziness, Weakness

Special Considerations: Phentolamine is infiltrated into subcutaneous tissues affected by extravasation of vasoconstrictor medications to prevent tissue necrosis. 

Definition

Indications: Hypertension, Unwanted vasoconstriction from exogenous or endogenous catecholamines, Pheocromocytoma 

Clonidine: PO

Phentolamine (Regitine): SC, IM, IV

Labetolol (Trandate): PO, IV

Term

ACE Inhibitors

(Prevent conversion of angiotension 1 to angiotension 2, a potent vasoconstrictor; reduce aldosterone secretion)

Common Side Effects: Hypotention, Tachycardia, Chest Pain, Palpitations, Cough, Hyperkalemia, Angioedema)

Special Considerations: sudden unexpected angioedema, Medication interations

Definition

Indications: Hypertension, Left ventricular dysfunction, CHF

Captopril (Capoten): PO

Enalapril (Vasotec): PO, IV

Term

Antiarrhythmic Class 1 Medications 

(Block fast sodium channels; inhibit depolarization of neuronal cells, decrease mycardial conduction velocity and automaticity)

Common Side Effects: Hpotension, Vomiting, Conduction distruvance, Cardiovascular Collapse

Special Considerations: correct electrolytes, with with Pacemaker not working properly 

Definition

Indications: Treatment of various atrial or ventricular arrhythmias

Procainamide: IV

Lidocaine: IV, ETT

Term

Antiarrhythmic Class 2 Medications

(Competitively block beta receptors in heart blood vessels; may affect other beta receptrs at higher doses)

Common Side Effects: Hypotension, Bradycardia, Conduction abnomalities, Dizziness, Hypoglycemia

Special Considerations: Cocaine toxicity, ever OD on Beta blockers, avoid giving IV calcium channel vlockers with Beta Blockers with in a short time period

Definition

Indications: Treatment of certain cardiac arrhythmias, HTN, MI, Acute coronary syndrome; tremors, psychological disorders, migraines

Metoprolol (Lopressor): PO, IV

Labetolol (Trandate): PO, IV

Esmolol (Brevivloc): IV

Term

Antiarrhythmic Class 3 Medicaitons

(Block potassium channels, witch delay pahse 3 repolarization and increase the effective refactory period)

Common side Effects: Prolonged QT, Hypotension, Bradycardia, Conduction abnormalities, Flushing, edema

Special Considerations: Amiodarone affects sodium, potassiu, and calcium channels along with alpha- and beta- blocking properties. 

Definition

Indications: Various atrial or ventricular arrhythmias 

Amiodarone: PO, IV

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