Term
| What happens to rapists in the CJ system? |
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Definition
-89% of those convicted will go to jail |
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Term
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Definition
-FBI: unlawful entry of a structure to commit a felony |
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Term
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Definition
-Eliminated requirements of physical resistance
-A victim does not have to physically resist to prove the rape has occured.
-Eliminated the requirement of corroboration
-A witness is not necessary
-Limited evidence of the victim's sexual history |
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Term
| Sutherland's definition of white collar crime |
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Definition
-A crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the couse of his occupation |
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Term
| Two broad classes of white collar crime |
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Definition
-Organizational: committed by organization (often businesses) to advance the organization's interest
-Occupational: committed by individuals for their own personal gain. |
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Term
| Occupational crimes (4 types) |
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Definition
-Employee theft
-Fraud in the professions
-usually doctors or lawyers
-Insider Trading
-stocks
-Political corruption
-govt officials misusing their office for political or economic gain. -watergate |
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Term
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Definition
-Price fixing
-Firms that are competed conspire to set prices.
-Sherman Antitrust Act of 1980 bans this
-Selling unsafe products
-Enivornmental pollution
-Corporate accounting fraud
-Knowingly submitting false accounting records |
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Term
| Costs of WC crime? Financial and mortality? |
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Definition
-Financial: 716 billion/yr
-Mortality: 113,000 deaths/yr |
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Term
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Definition
-Requires the federal govt. to investigate and pursue trusts, companies, and organizations suspected of violating the act.
-protects against price fixing
-protects public from organizational crime |
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Term
| Circumstances of robberies? |
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Definition
-Co offending
-Usually teams of 2+ offenders
-Planning
-Target Selection |
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Term
| Do the victim and the offender know one another? |
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Definition
-Usually not, 2/3rds the time they are strangers |
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Term
| Is there extensive planning in robberies? |
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Definition
-Majority of them are spontaneous
-60% of offenders test positive for drugs, and committ the offence to support the habbit |
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Term
| Sequence of a typical armed robbery |
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Definition
-Co presence: entering the victim's space.
-The announcement: offender announces the crime and shows gun.
-The transfer of goods: May force person to hang over their goods, or get it themselves to avoid being shortchanged or having a gun pulled.
-The Escape: Some will threaten or harm to provide more time to escape. Some will force the victim to leave.
-Chance of injury is unaffected whether or not the victim knows the offender.
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Term
| Unique timing of robbery events |
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Definition
-Monthy: usually in winter months
-Weekly: Fridays and Saturdays
-Daily: Between 6pm - Midnight |
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Term
| How often does a robbery victim get injured? |
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Definition
-About 25%
-If the offender has a firearm, the chance of injury goes down.
-If the victim resists, the chance of injury increases. |
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Term
| Characteristics of robbery victims |
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Definition
-Usually male (2x higher when compared to females)
-Young (16-24)
-Poor (7500/yr) |
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Term
| Average property loss in a robbery |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens to robbers? (%) |
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Definition
-70% completed robberies are reported to police.
-20% result in arrest
-50% chance that an arrest will cause a conviction
-85% chance if convicted will go to jail (4+ years) |
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Term
| theft FROM a car is classified as |
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Definition
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Term
| how many auto thefts a year? |
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Definition
-1,138,000 (421 per 100,000) |
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Term
| different varieties of auto theft |
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Definition
-Joyriding
-car often recovered
-Short term or long term transportation
-To make money
chop (removing parts and selling)
retag (creating new documents and selling the car)
export (moving it to another country and selling) |
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Term
| where are cars often stolen from? |
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Definition
-45% on the street near home
-30% in public parking lot/parking garage
-Key point.. if you can park in your driveway, your insurance may go down because car theft rates will go down |
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Term
| When are cars most often stolen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of cars get stolen? |
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Definition
-Not usually the most expensive
-Consider absolute frequencies.. the most popular cars will make the criminal the most money (camry, accord, ext.)
-If you consider rates (per 1,000) the Cadillac Escalade is one of the most stolen cars, as long with other large expensive vehicles. |
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Term
| What techniques are used for stealing cars? |
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Definition
-Hotwiring
-30% the keys are left in the car
-There are some new systematic efforts to steal car keys
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Term
| Average property loss of auto theft? |
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Definition
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Term
| how to prevent getting your car stolen |
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Definition
-Common sense.. lock your car, protect your car keys. |
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Term
| What percentage of auto thefts are opportunistic? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are car alarms/steering wheel locks effective? |
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Definition
-Yes, insurance usually give discounts for this. |
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Term
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Definition
-Will lead to recovery of car in nearly 100% of cases.. but this is usually after the car is stripped of it's parts |
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Term
| Most effective option (tool in the car) for preventing car loss? |
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Definition
-Auto immobilizers.. ignition kill switch |
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Term
| What happens to auto thieves? |
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Definition
-90% are reported to the police
-10% chance that a report will lead to arrest
-20% chance an arrest will result in a conviction
-75% chance that a conviction will result in jail
-Serve about 15 months |
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Term
| -What do property offenders do with the properties they steal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Some things to remember about fences.. |
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Definition
-Occur generally in conjunction with an actual business
-pawn shop or second hand store
-Fences buy stolen property for about 1/3 to 1/2 what they can sell it for.
-Fences are well-known by local thieves, but the police often know of them.
-Fences have a high status in the criminal world
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Term
| Average property loss of burglary? Where do they enter? |
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Definition
-$1300
-Often through door |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Getting someone who is raped to report it
-Tracking down those who commit burglaries and robberies |
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