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Criminal/Juvenile Law
Study Guide for Criminal/Juvenile Law
67
Geography
7th Grade
04/03/2011

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Cards

Term
What are the 7 steps in a criminal procedure?
Definition
Arrest, hearing, indictment, arraignment, trial, verdict and sentencing.
Term
Arrest
Definition
Police arrest and book suspect.
Term
Hearing
Definition
Suspect appears before the judge and bail is set.
Term
Indictment
Definition
Grand jury (or judge)hears evidence and
formally charges the suspect with the crime.
Term
Arraignment
Definition
Defendant pleads not guilty; Defendant pleads guilty and accepts a plea bargain; Trial date is set.
Term
Trial
Definition
Prosecution and defense present cases to jury(or judge) and the Jury (or judge)reaches verdict.
Term
Acquittal
Definition
Defendent found not guilty and goes free.
Term
Sentencing
Definition
Defendent found guilty and the judge sentences the defendent.
Term
What is the difference between a felony and a misdemeanor?
Definition
A felony is a serious law violation and a misdemeanor is a minor violation.
Term
What are the 3 types of crimes?
Definition
Crimes against people, crimes against property and victimless crimes.
Term
What are examples of a crime against people?
Definition
Murder, manslaughter (the accidental killing of a person), assault (physical injury or threat of injury), rape, and kidnapping.
Term
What are examples of a crime against property?
Definition
Burglary, robbery,and theft are all forms of larceny, the taking of property unlawfully. Vandalism (the
deliberate destruction of property) and fraud (taking property by dishonest means or misrepresentation) are other common crimes against property.
Term
What are examples of victimless crimes?
Definition
Unauthorized gambling or the use of illegal drugs.
Term
What rights in the Constitution (including Amendments) protect those accused of a crime?
Definition
Amendment 4 - Searches and seizures; Amendment 5 - right to remain silent; Amendment 6 - fair and speedy trial; Amendment 8 - excessive bail; cruel and unusual punishment.
Term
What are the different people involved in a criminal trial?
Definition
Bailiff, civil attorney for the defendant, civil attorney for the plaintiff, civil defendent, court clerk, court reporter, criminal defendant, criminal defense attorney, judge, judicial assistant, juror, plaintiff, prosecutor, victim, witness.
Term
Bailiff
Definition
Assists judge and helps keep order.
Term
Defendent's attorney
Definition
Study the law, talk to witnesses, gather evidence and present evidence to to convince the jury that the defendant did not violate the other side's rights and does not owe the other side anything.
Term
Plaintiff's attorney
Definition
Study the law, talk to witnesses, gather and present evidence that the defendant violated the client's rights and owes something.
Term
Civil defendant
Definition
Before trial, I give my lawyer information to prove that I did not break the law or violate the other person's rights.
Term
Court clerk
Definition
Finish official notes and mark evidence used by the lawyers.
Term
Court Reporter
Definition
Transcribe and what everyone says word for word and edit transcripts outside the courtroom.
Term
Judge
Definition
Read all documents from both sides, make decisions about different issues, make sure the lawyers follow rules and explain to the jury what the law says so that they can make a decision.
Term
Judicial assistant
Definition
Keep records of all documents the lawyers send to the judge and keep the judge organized.
Term
Juror
Definition
Regular citizen who listens to the evidence and decides along with a group what really happened.
Term
Plaintiff
Definition
I am suing someone because I think he owes me something.
Term
Prosecutor
Definition
I work for the government and study the law, talk to witnesses, gather evidence and present evidence to convince the jury the defendant committed a crime.
Term
Victim
Definition
Gives the prosecutor information to help convict theperson who committed the crime against me.
Term
Witness
Definition
Meet with lawyers and tell them what I heard or saw to help prepare them for cases and I may testify about what I heard or saw.
Term
What happens during a trial?
Definition
A jury is chosen, the lawyers for each side make an opening statement in which they outline the case, the prosecution and defense then present their cases in turn. Each side calls witnesses who swear that their testimony—the answers they give while under oath—will be “the truth, thewhole truth, and nothing but the truth.” After a witness testifies for one side, the other side is allowed to cross-examine him or her. Finally, each side makes a closing statement highlighting the testimony and evidence that support it and questioning the other side’s testimony and evidence.
The judge then “instructs” the jury, or
explains the law that relates to the case.
Term
How is a juvenile preceeding different from a criminal proceeding?
Definition
Juvenile cases involve persons under a certain age-18 in most states- who are not yet legally an adult. When juveniles are charged with committing
crimes, their cases are handled in
separate courts, called juvenile courts. The primary goal of juvenile courts is to try to rehabilitate, or correct a person’s behavior,rather than punish the person.
Term
What rights do a juvenile accused of a crime have?
Definition
Juveniles do not have the right to a jury trial. Juveniles have the right to an attorney and the right to remain silent. Juveniles also have the right to confront witnesses against them.
Term
What are 2 additional goals of the juvenile justice system?
Definition
Rehabilitation and confidentiality.
Term
What happens in a juvenile hearing?
Definition
The juvenile and his or her caregivers meet with their lawyer, the judge, the police officer who made the arrest, and the probation officer who investigated
the case. This meeting or hearing is
similar to a trial, but it is less formal. Only the parties involved may attend the hearing. As in a trial, both sides are allowed to call and cross-examine witnesses. There is no jury, however. Juveniles do not have the right to a jury trial. In most cases the judge decides whether the juvenile is delinquent or nondelinquent.
The juvenile court system tries to protect juveniles by keeping the identity of offenders secret and not allowing the public to view their criminal records.
Term
If you are found delinquent, what can happen?
Definition
Juvenile court judges can sentence juvenile offenders in different ways. They may simply send them home with a stern lecture, or they may place offenders with a previous history of delinquency in a special training school, reformatory, treatment center or teen shelter.
Term
Can a juvenile be tried as an adult? Under what circumstances?
Definition
Yes; older juveniles who are
charged with very serious crimes (such as armed robbery, rape or murder) or already have criminal records can be tried as adults.
Term
Testimony
Definition
The statements a witness makes under oath.
Term
Cross-examine
Definition
The process of questioning a witness at a trial or a hearing to check or discredit the testimony.
Term
Cross-examine
Definition
The process of questioning a witness at a trial or a hearing to check or discredit the testimony.
Term
Crime
Definition
An act that breaks a law and causes harm to people or society in general.
Term
Defendant
Definition
An individual or group charged with a crime or being sued.
Term
Rehabilitate
Definition
Correct a person's behavior.
Term
Arraignment
Definition
Part of the criminal law procedure, when a suspect is charged and pleads guilty or not guilty.
Term
Hung Jury
Definition
A jury that cannot agree on a verdict.
Term
Acquittal
Definition
A vote of not guilty.
Term
Cross-examine
Definition
After the prosecutor finished questioning the witness, the a defense attorney asks follow-up questiosn.
Term
Prison is supposed to do what to the criminal to make him fit to reenter society?
Definition
Rehabilitate
Term
What are the 2 main types of crimes?
Definition
Felonies and misdemeanors.
Term
Sentenced to more than 1 year in jail
Definition
Felony
Term
Fined or sentenced to one year or less in jail
Definition
Misdemeanor
Term
What is larceny?
Definition
Taking of property unlawfully (i.e. burglary, roberry and theft).
Term
What is larceny?
Definition
Taking of property unlawfully (i.e. burglary, roberry and theft).
Term
What is fraud?
Definition
Taking property by dishonest means or misrepresentation (i.e. stealing money).
Term
What is an internet scam?
Definition
Fraud
Term
What is burglary?
Definition
Larceny
Term
Carol is picked up by the police for vandalism and the judge lets her go home with her parents until the hearing; juvenile or adult?
Definition
Juvenile
Term
Richard is convicted of murder and sentenced to life in prison; juvenile or adult?
Definition
Adult; juveniles don't go to prison.
Term
Samantha is picked up for skipping school; juvenile or adult?
Definition
Juvenile
Term
Mike has no criminal record, even thought he went to court and admitted to shoplifting charges, juvenile or adult?
Definition
Juvenile
Term
Claire asked the jury to find her not guilty, adult or juvenile?
Definition
Adult; juveniles do not have jury trials.
Term
Bobby is arrested and charged with robbery and later has a trial; adult or juvenile?
Definition
Adult
Term
Brandon is picked up by the police for running away from home; adult or juvenile?
Definition
Juvenile
Term
Paul will always have a criminal record, even thought he has only been convicted of a crime once; adult or juvenile?
Definition
Adult; juvenile criminal records are not public record and they are not finger printed or photographed.
Term
Penelope looks around the courtroom and sees a lot of people watching her trial; adult or juvenile?
Definition
Adult; juveniles do not have jury trials.
Term
What is the juvenile procedure?
Definition
Picked up; determination of true or not followed by a hearing.
Term
What does delinquent mean?
Definition
You have failed to live up to your expectation; does not mean you are a criminal.
Term
What juvenile sentences take place in the home?
Definition
Probation, counseling and educational programming.
Term
What are some Department of Youth Services (DYS) sentences?
Definition
Group home, detention center and high security facilities.
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