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| Principals of right and wrong |
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| Judgments of desirability, worth, or importance. |
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| The discipline of determining good and evil and defining moral duties. |
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| What people 'ought to do; define moral duties. |
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| The study of what is right and wrong pertaining to a specific profession or subject. |
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| Applied principles of right and wrong relevant to specific occupations or professions. |
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| The philosophical position that although there are a few universal truths, different situations call for different responses; therefore, some action can be right or wrong depending on situational factors. |
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Kant
Focuses on duty; holds that the only thing truly good is a good will, and that what is good is that which conforms to the categorical imperative. |
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| Ethical Formalism, Utilitarianism, Ethics of Religion, Natural Law, Ethics of Virtue, Ethics of Care, Egoism, Deontological, Teleological |
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| Claims that the greatest good is that which results in the greatest happiness for the greatest number. |
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| Based on religious beliefs of good and evil; what is good is that which is God's will. |
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| Idea that principles of morals and rights are inherent in nature and not human made. |
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| Bases ethics largely upon character and possession of virtues. |
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| Defines good as meeting the needs of others and preserving and enriching relationships. |
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| Defines the pursuit of self-interest as a moral good. |
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| Study of duty or moral obligation emphasizing the intent of the actor as the element of morality. |
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| Concerned with the consequences or ends of an action to determine goodness. |
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The concept that some things just must be, with no need for further rationalization for why they exist.
Kant- You should do your duty, act in a way you want everyone else to act, and dont use people. |
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| Statements of contingent demand known as if-then statements (if I punch him, then I will get in trouble). |
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| Genetically built. No chance in changing things. |
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| No control but only opportunity. |
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| The idea that one gives up ones right to be treated under the principles of respect for persons to the extent that one has abrogated someone else rights; for instance, self-defense is acceptable according to the principle of forfeiture. |
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| Voluntarily breaking established laws based on ones moral beliefs. |
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| Psychological term referring to the discomfort that is created when behavior and attitude or belief are inconsistent. |
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| The component of justice that is concerned with the fairness of contracts and business relations. |
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| The idea that groups in society have fundamental differences and that those in power control societal elements, including law. |
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| The component of justice that is concerned with punishment and sanctions. |
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| The component of justice that is concerned with allocation of the goods and burdens of society. |
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| Constitutionally mandated procedural steps designed to eliminate error in any governmental deprivation of protected liberty, life or property. |
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| Court-created rule of evidence that excludes evidence obtained through illegal means, except in certain instances, such as "good faith", "public safety", and "inevitable discover". |
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| A justification for law that allows for the protection and enforcement of societal morals. |
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Durkheim
Concept of societal solidarity as arising from SIMILARITIES among societies members. |
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Durkheim
Concept of societal solidarity as arising from DIFFERENCES among people. |
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| Society is made up of COMPETING groups of interests; interests may change due to societal change. |
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| The component of justice that concerns the steps taken to reach a determination of guilt, punishment, or other conclusion of law. |
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Durkheim
Law provides an example of deviance; providing a view that law controls behavior that is different from the norm. |
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Durkheim
View that resolves conflicts between equals, as in commutative justice. |
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| An approach to corrective justice that focuses on meeting the needs of all concerned. |
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| The criminal must suffer pain or loss proportional to what the victim was forced to suffer. Same as LEX TALIONIS (Vengeance: eye for an eye; tooth for a tooth) |
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| The state of nature is a "war of all against all" and, this, individuals give up their liberty to aggress against others in return for safety; the contract is between society, which promises protection, and the individual, who promises to abide by laws. |
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Term
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| Concerns JUST DESERTS, in other words, the appropriate amount of punishment for a crime. |
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Term
| 5 Goals to Why we Study Ethics |
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Definition
1. Become aware of and open ethical issues.
2. Begin developing critical thinking skills.
3. Become more personally responsible.
4. Understand how the criminal justice system is engaged in a process of action.
5. Develop whole-sight |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that most people have similar beliefs, values, and goals and that societal laws reflect the majority view. |
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Revenge. Eye for an eye and tooth for a tooth.
Similar to Retributive Justice. |
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