Term
| Four Driving Forces Behind The Criminal Justice System |
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Definition
| Civil Rights movement, the Vietnam war, the rising crime rate, and September 11th |
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Term
| The Biggest problem since the 1960's is... |
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Definition
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Term
| the Bill of Rights includes... |
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Definition
| Freedom of speech, press, petition, assembly and religion, right to bear arms, quartering, search and seizure, can't testify against yourself, speedy and fair trial, right to jury, no cruel and unusual punishment, right to an attorney, habeas corpus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Protects from search and seizure |
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Term
| A presumption of innocence is... |
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Definition
| The most important principle of the Due Process model. Requires that all accused persons are treated INNOCENT UNTIL PROVEN GUILTY. |
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Term
| What does the Juvinile Justice System emphasize? |
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Definition
| Rehabilitation and restoration [to their home]. |
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Term
| What must you have in order to make an arrest? |
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Definition
| Probable Cause (determination from evidence and arguments that are valid reasons for believing the accused has committed a crime) |
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Term
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Definition
| A Judge's determination of guilt |
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Term
| What is a sentence diverted from the correctional system called? |
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Definition
| A diversion, or a sentencing option. This is when the defendant is diverted from the correctional system through alternatives such as community service |
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Term
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Definition
| Darwin's theory of evolution |
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Term
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Definition
| Statements of relationships or of cause and effect that attempt to explain or predict behavior or events. |
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Term
| What was Lombroso's theory? |
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Definition
| Atavistic stigmata: aka, the theory that physical characteristics, representing earlier or prehuman stages of evolution, could be used to distinguish criminals from others. |
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Term
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Definition
| Psychoanalytic theory: behavior is not a free-will choice -- it is controlled by subconscious desires. |
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Term
| What is the Criminal Personality theory? |
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Definition
| Samenow and Yochelson's theory that identifies personality traits and habits of that are believed to be associated with criminality. |
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Term
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Definition
| the ATTEMPTED wrongful taking and carrying away of another's property with the intention of never returning it. |
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Term
| What is the responsibility of the FBI? |
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Definition
| To collect crime data from police departments and circulate the data throughout the nation. |
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Term
| What are clearance rates? |
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Definition
| The percentage of reported crimes to be solved |
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Term
| What is the main problem with Legalized Tobacco? |
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Definition
| It attributes to 20 times more deaths than drugs. |
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Term
| What is the U.S. Criminal Code? |
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Definition
| The publication that contains all federal laws which was passed through congress, advised, and then signed by the President. |
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Term
| What is "void for vagueness"? |
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Definition
| laws that are illegal because they do not provide clear and reasonable definitions of the specific behaviors that are prohibited. |
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Term
| What are strict liability crimes? |
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Definition
| Actions that do not require criminal intent to be classified as crimes, such as parking violations. |
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Term
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Definition
| A legal defense the agents of the government provide both the mens rea and the means necessary to commit a crime. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A defense in criminal law in which the defendant claims the action that caused the injury or death occurred during normal, acceptable standards of conduct. |
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Term
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Definition
| An affirmative legal defense claiming the defendant committed the act as a result of forces of nature and therefore did not meet the requirement of mens rea. |
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Term
| What is vehicular homicide? |
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Definition
| A category of manslaughter when a person is hit by a car. |
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Term
| What are the categories of murder? |
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Definition
| They are dependent on whether or not they had intent to cause malice. Murder means you had intent to harm, manslaughter means you did not. |
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Term
| What are M'Naghten rules? |
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Definition
| rules that reference the M'Naghten case [when M'Naghten attempted to kill Robert Peel and ended up shooting his secretary instead]. They define INSANITY, a legal claim in which a defendant cannot dertermine the difference between right and wrong, or was suffereing from a mental defect or disease that made them unable to appreciate the criminality of their actions. |
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Term
| What do the degrees of murder signify? |
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Definition
| Whether or not you had intent to kill. First degree means you wanted to kill them, second degree means you only intended to hurt them. |
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Term
| What is the most common committed crime in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where was common law developed? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Tenth Amendment? |
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Definition
| States that all powers not given to the federal government are given to state governments. |
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Term
| Where were the first black police officers? |
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Definition
| In the South, post reconstruction. [Selma 1867, Houston 1870, Jackson 1871] |
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Term
| What happened as the US became a world leader? |
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Definition
| Immigrants flocked to the nation and rose population density. This strained social agencies which in turn enabled social disorder. |
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Term
| What is the oldest local policing authority in the US? |
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Definition
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Term
| Who are the most visible law enforcers? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three types of federal agencies? |
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Definition
| Federal law enforcement, tribal police, and military police. |
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Term
| Why was the Secret Service formed? |
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Definition
| to prevent counterfeiting. |
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Term
| What are the law enforcement agencies with policing powers? |
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Definition
| The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), The Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the National Park Service, the National Forrest Service, the US Fish and Wildlife Service, and the US Air Marshals. |
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Term
| Where is the largest police department in the US? |
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Definition
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