states that human beings are subject to criminal behavior but can resist it because of inner and outer containment. Inner control: Self-control- individual can save himself from crime by control his impulses. Inner control more strong. Outer control: Families peers.

Sutherland 1) Criminal behavior is learned 2) individuals learns criminal behavior through interaction with others

Lombroso - concept of atavistic anomalies- Lombroso's theory of anthropological criminology essentially stated that criminality was inherited, and that someone "born criminal" could be identified by physical (congenital) defects, which confirmed a criminal as savage or atavistic. Atavism is the recurrence in an organism of a trait or character typical of an ancestral form and usually due to genetic recombination or the recurrence of or reversion to a past style, manner, outlook, approach, or activity

was founded at the end of the 19th century by Cesare Lombroso (1835–1909) and two of his disciples, Enrico Ferri (1856–1929) and Raffaele Garofalo (1851–1934). 

was the first school of criminology that tried to scientifically explain crime causation using scientific methods.

some social scientists proposed a link between the abnormality and aggressive and impulsive behavior. This "supermale" syndrome seemed confirmed when studies of prison populations showed the presence of the abnormality to be significantly higher than in the general population.

refers to the 18th-century work during the Enlightenment by the utilitarian and social-contract philosophers Jeremy Bentham and Cesare Beccaria. Their interests lay in the system of criminal justice and penology and, indirectly, through the proposition that "man is a calculating animal", in the causes of criminal behavior.

was premised on the idea that people have free will in making decisions, and that punishment can be a deterrent for crime, so long as the punishment is proportional, fits the crime, and is carried out promptly.

The punishment for crimes has to be harsh enough to slightly outweigh the benefits of the crime.

attempted to find scientific objectivity for the measurement and quantification of criminal behavior such as physical characteristics, intelligence, testosterone or adrenaline.

the brain-child of famous sociologist George Herbert Mead. The theory can be most simply described as the exchange of ideas or thoughts between two persons, in which both parties change their verbal or behavioral patterns based upon how they believe the other person will react or does react.

Durkheim said that crime is inevitable in society. This is because not everyone will buy into the collective sentiments of society, and will deviate from these norms and beliefs.

concentrated on predatory street behavior using a social learning-behavioral choice model that relies on both positivist determinism and classical free will as it considers possible links between criminality and heredity, impulsivity, low intelligence, family practices, school experiences, and the effects of mass media on the individual.

theory people commit crime when the forces that bind them to society are broken or weakened

endomorphs (fat) appear gut dominant, while mesomorphs generally are more muscular, and finally the ectomorphs (skinny) are highly invested in nervous and cerebral features. Sheldon classified or implied that the mesomorphic body type individuals (those of the big bone and muscular shape), were more prone to committing violent and aggressive acts, and therefore criminality is rooted in biology, when compared to the other two body types and their crime patterns and tendencies. 

Crime is a function of class conflict and power relations. Laws are created and enforced by those in power to protect their own interests. Marxist theory (Radical criminology) states that Crime is a product of the capitalist system. 

followed a Marxist approach in citing social inequities as the root of crime. Criminal behavior, he asserted, is a natural occurrence in a society that favors the wealthy over the poor and the powerful over the weak.

is an emerging perspective that highlights the interdependence between genetic and environmental factors in the etiology of antisocial behaviors.

When someone commits an offense of a more serious nature, then one is likely to be labeled, internalize the label, and act out accordingly in future criminal behavior.

Neutralization techniques allow the person to occasionally ‘drift’ out of orthodox behavior and get into criminal behaviors.

the delinquent conduct is right by the standards of his subculture precisely because it is wrong by the norms and values of the larger culture’.

  majority of citizens in a society share common ideas and work toward a common good and that crimes are acts that are outlawed because they conflict with the rules of the majority and are harmful to society... the law defines a crime; laws apply to all citizens equally

the law is controlled by the rich and powerful who shape its content to ensure their continued economic domination of society. CJS is an instrument of social and economic repression; law is a tool of ruling class; crime is a politically defined concept; real crimes are not outlawed; the law is used to control the underclass

 criminal law reflects the values of people who use their social and political power to shape the legal system. moral entrepreneurs define crime; definition of crime is subjective and reflects contemporary values and morals; criminal labels are life-transforming events

focus on the socialization of the youth and their developmental factors

view criminal behavior as a result of forces operating in deteriorated and depressed lower class areas