-person who kills deliberately and with malice of at least 2 people with a 'cooling off' period in between

-seperate instances needed

-the requirement of 'overtime,' allows for a lot of variability

-367 known cases

-increase in serial killings in recent decades, but could be explained by our data collections now

-8-12 average people per case

-mobility, most common is staying in one local area

-most are white and males

-men are more likely to target strangers

-women more likely to kill for money

-torture rare with females

-the killing effect

-female SMs kill their victim instantly (act-focused)

-male SMs usually take hours or days to kill their victim (process-focused)

-childhood abuse

-close family member dies

-extreme rejection

believed that.. (even though most serial killers dont have these)

-head trauma/injury

-reduced serotonin

-extra y chromosome

-psychopathy

-males are process-focused

-females are act-focused

-being labeled as a deviant

-sociological abnormality 

-attachment to others or conventional goals

-sociological abnormality 

-violent porn

-sociological abnormality 

-many people have them and dont become SM.

-deviant behavior without killing

1. childhood trauma

2. perceived lack of control

3. violent fantasies of control

4. hedonistic homicide

5. deviant reinforcements that give a euphoria or control

6. violent predispositions

-situation or status where specific set of characteristics come together in the same person

-positives: articulate, charismatic, social, center of attention

-negatives: no remorse, parasitic lifestyle

-young women or childhood who are alone

-throwaways in society

-gay men for sexual fantasies or control

-most targeted: old women and middle aged adults

-visionary: kills because of visions, psychosis

-missionary: no psychosis, kill to get rid of certain people (prostitutes, homosexuals)

-hedonistic: kills for the satisfaction of the killing process (lust murderers, thrill-oriented, comfort-oriented)

-power and control: gets pleasure from controlling the victim.

-black widows: poison, very intelligent and manipulative

-angels of death: sometimes males

-sexual predator

-revenge serial killer

-profit for crime

-team killers

-question of sanity

-unexplained

-unsolved

-deliberate and malicious killing of 3+ people in generally one place at one time

-no cooling off period 

how many mass murders occur?

how are mass murder incidents and offenders different than those of serial murder?

-120-140 in US a year

-MM often die at scene of crime

-have more impact on public

-mental illness more present

-many, but not all, motivated by grievances or missions

-disciple: follows orders of a leader

-family annihilator: kills entire family

-pseudocommando: fascination with weapons and welfare

-not impulsive

-most commit suicide 

-disgruntled employee: most common

-set-and-run killer: try to escape to kill again

-terrorism: premeditated, political, usually to influence an audience 

-30

-first of the trend: eric houston.. 3 students and a teacher who failed him

-most lethal: cho seung-hui.. 32 people

-youngest: andrew golden.. age 11.. killed 4 kids and a teacher

-when school crime was going down

-1 in 107,000 chance

-especially during 97-98

-frequency of these events shows a copy cat effect

-higher security

-greater attention to bullying prevention

-development of protocols for children who make threats.. 

-park dietz

-holmes

-revenge

-power

-loyalty

-profit

-terror

-short period of time with several victims

-thrill of killing and excitement of escaping law

-often begin with a break up or angering event

-ends when arrested or kills oneself.

-similar to MM and SM because at least 3-4 victims

-no cooling off period

-no typical victim, they kill whoever passes

-doesnt return to regular behavior after killings

-spree killing less common than MM

-decreased steadily since '70s

-used to be even for male or female to be killed, but in 2005 75% are female victims. 

-ease of getting a divorce

-increases in gender equality

-rise in female labor force

-rise in serviced and shelters for battered women

-poverty significantly increases intimate violence

-1/2 of households experiencing this violence have children in the household

-only 1/2 are reported to police

-40% of married women were divorced or seperated by 6 months after intimate violence

-arrest decreased later violence among the employed, but increased for the unemployed

-in majority of cases, offenders violates the order within the 1st year

-30% of the cases involve severe violence

-doesnt increase or decrease later violence

-conclusion is nothing works, but intimate violence/homicide has decreased in recent decades

-unrelated to law enforcement

-expressive: spur-of-the-moment where one person strikes out. (intimate most likely)

-instrumental: offender attempting to gain something from the killing

-hard to determine which one a situation is, because explanations can argue both sides

-increased attention to domestic violence

-battered women have options of escape now

-doesnt explain why men kill their wives

-public policies have a higher success in saving the abusive man rather than the battered woman

-more unmarried men were killed by their girlfriends

-african american men more often killing their girlfriends, but not the white population

agressive arrest policies

-lessened the chances of unmarried intimated were killed, but didnt affect homicide by spouses

-mandatory arrests caused fewer deaths of married women of all races

-more likely to be convicted than offenders who killed strangers

-reasons: offenders who kill their partners are more likely to plea guilty, and are less likely to be charged with 1st degree murder

-similar to post traumatic stress disorder

-used as defensive strategy, not a defense, for women who kill abusive partners

-are admissible in court in some way

-effective generally only as a supplement to a 'traditional self-defense case,' in which the victim is responding to an immediate threat

-200 in recent year under age 1

-320 in recent year age 1-4

-RATE GOES DOWN AFTER AGE 1

-only includes criminal homicide, not abuse or neglect.

-sex equal

-after age 13, male have a higher rate of homicide

-compared to males, a higher percentage of overall female homicide deaths occur in the early years of life

-'personal,' weapons most likely

-knives or firearms only used in 12% of cases

-reverse of adult homicide victims

-kicking, strangulation, asphyxiation account for 60% (no weapons)

-juvenile homicide is even more geographically concentrated than homicide in general

-just 5 urban areas account for 25% of all cases

-LA, chicago, detroit, NY, philly

-during the daytime

-weekdays

-during winter

-350 times a year

-low compared to the period prior to the industrial revolution, when infanticide and neonaticides were common

-3-4% of homicides are children

-parents are less likely to be responsible for older children

-ages 6-11 .. 39% are parent

-ages 12-17 .. 5% are parent

-equal

-but, because females commit fewer homicides overall, there is a greater proportion of their overall homicide offending (10%)

-susan smith: mother who drowned her 2 sons by rolling a car into a lake

-amy grossman and brian peterson: neonaticides (killing of an infant) at a hotel

-andrea yates: drowned 5 children

-in 2005, 94 juveniles died from parental abuse or neglect

-1/3 were homicides

-51 were accidential

-26 drowning in pools/tubs

-often preventable

main point.. homicides represent less than half of the number of cases in which children die because of mistakes made by parents

-neonaticides: killing of newborn within first 24 hours of life

-infanticides: killing of an infant less than 1. risk for homicide is greatest at this age. mothers mostly kill within the first week. 10x likely on the first day, most often in first 4 months

-prolicide: killing ones offspring. may be infanticide or fetus in utero

-fillicide: killing ones own child or others (could be step child) and could include older kids.

-overrepresented among child victims

-under 2.. winter

-5-12 during summer

-age.. highest risk for older teens. 17-19

-elementary least likely

-sex.. younger, sex is about even.

-teens, boys most likely to be killed (13-19)

-race.. blacks most likely killed, followed by hispanics then whites.

-white more likely to be killed under age of 12

-blacks likely to be killed age 9-19

-can it actually reduce crime?

-is it cost-efficient? good use of tax payers money?

-get tough

-prevention and rehabilitation

-target hardening

-type of crime reduction

-most used

-yes, it has reduced crime but not as much as expected

-it hasnt produced a bigger drop in crime because..

-increased penalties have the biggest effect on less serious offenders. locking them up has less of an impact on index crime rates.

-offenders stop committing crimes as they age (mainly in southern states)

-expensive

-only effects those caught (10%)

-type of crime reduction

-based on 2 ideas

-get-tough approach is too reactive, waits until the person is involved in crime to do anything

-any attempt to reduce crime that doesnt address its roots often fails

-does reduce crime, but must identify fun and effective programs

-ineffective rehabilitation is what started get-tough punishments

-is cost-efficient, 1/5 the cost of incarceration

-type of crime reduction

-increased security

effective prevention program / ineffective prevention program

for children

-effective: visitation by a nurse (50% fewer arrests, 60% fewer convictions)

-ineffective: D.A.R.E.

-effective: multisystemic therapy (MST) .. home based family counseling for serious juvenile deliquents. (40% fewer arrests, 65% fewer self-report offenses)

-ineffective: boot camps

-top of the funnel (large): crimes committed

-bottom of funnel (small): offenders in prison

-reasons.. crime unreported, plea bargaining, lack of evidence

-suggests we must focus more on crime control to reduce the funnel

-social, cultural, community

-prevents disease or injury entirely by focusing on aspects of the environment 

-prevention strategies

-create jobs

-government economical aid

-end racial segregation

-restore social integration

-reduce housing/population density

-reduce urban neighborhood dilapidation

-reduce inequality between M&F

-developmental social processes

-tries to find places and situations that put certain people at risk for illness or injury

-addresses the developmental process that makes crime more likely for people in certain neighborhoods

-prevention strategies

-early childhood intervention programs

-child care

-improves schools

-prenatal and postnatal nutrition services

-expand network of battered womens shelters

-criminal justice

-occurs after an injury or illness has begin and seeks to minimize consequences

-focuses on preventing recidivism

-prevention strategies

-reduce reliance on prisons and put more emphasis on corrections

-make prisons and jails smaller

-eliminates 3 strikes you're out

-repeals some drug laws

-eliminates death penalty

-expand community policing

-increase minority and female officers

-zero tolerance policy

-reduce police brutality

-increase gun-control laws

-increase tolerance for white collar crime and corruption