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Creek- wwcc medical terminology
Chapters 1-13
718
Medical
Undergraduate 1
06/20/2016

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Term
cardi
Definition
heart
Term
dermat
Definition
skin
Term
electr
Definition
electric
Term
aden
Definition
gland
Term
algia
Definition
pain
Term
centesis
Definition
surgical puncture
Term
megaly
Definition
enlargment
Term
logist
Definition
one who specialized
Term
logy
Definition
the study of
Term
itis
Definition
inflammation
Term
ac
Definition
pertaining to
Term
osis
Definition
condition
Term
ic
Definition
pertaining to
Term
ium
Definition
structure, tissue, or thing
Term
al
Definition
pertainging to
Term
peri
Definition
around
Term
rrhea
Definition
drainage or flow
Term
dys
Definition
bad, difficult, painful
Term
men
Definition
menstruation
Term
bi
Definition
two, double
Term
hemi
Definition
half
Term
milli
Definition
one-thousandth
Term
mono
Definition
one, single
Term
nulli
Definition
none
Term
primi
Definition
first
Term
quadri
Definition
four
Term
semi
Definition
half
Term
tetra
Definition
four
Term
tri
Definition
three
Term
uni
Definition
one
Term
hyper
Definition
excessive
Term
hyp
Definition
under, below, beneath, less than normal
Term
hypo
Definition
under, below, beneath, less than normal
Term
multi
Definition
many
Term
poly
Definition
many, much
Term
ab
Definition
from, away from
Term
ad
Definition
toward, increase
Term
ambi
Definition
both, both sides
Term
ante
Definition
before, in front
Term
circum
Definition
around
Term
de
Definition
down, from
Term
dia
Definition
through
Term
ecto
Definition
outside
Term
endo
Definition
within
Term
epi
Definition
upon, over
Term
erythro
Definition
red
Term
eu
Definition
well, easily, good, normal
Term
ex
Definition
out, away from, outside
Term
exo
Definition
outside, outward
Term
extra
Definition
outside, beyond
Term
glauco
Definition
gray, silver
Term
hemi
Definition
half
Term
hetero
Definition
different
Term
homeo
Definition
likeness, same
Term
homo
Definition
same
Term
hydro
Definition
water
Term
hyp
Definition
under, below, beneath, less than normal
Term
hyper
Definition
excessive
Term
hypo
Definition
under, below, beneath, less than normal
Term
idio
Definition
individual
Term
im
Definition
not
Term
in
Definition
in, inside, within, not
Term
infra
Definition
beneath, below, under
Term
inter
Definition
between
Term
intra
Definition
within
Term
jaundo
Definition
yellow
Term
juxta
Definition
near, beside
Term
leuko
Definition
white
Term
melano
Definition
black
Term
meso
Definition
middle
Term
meta
Definition
beyond, after
Term
milli
Definition
one-thousandth
Term
mono
Definition
one
Term
multi
Definition
many
Term
non
Definition
not
Term
pan
Definition
all
Term
para
Definition
near, beside, beyond, two like parts
Term
per
Definition
through
Term
peri
Definition
around
Term
poli/o
Definition
gray
Term
poly
Definition
many, much excessive
Term
post
Definition
after, beyond
Term
pre
Definition
before, in front
Term
primi
Definition
first
Term
pseudo
Definition
false
Term
purpur/o
Definition
purple
Term
quadri
Definition
four
Term
re
Definition
back, again
Term
retro
Definition
backward, behind
Term
rube
Definition
red
Term
semi
Definition
half
Term
sub
Definition
under, below
Term
supra
Definition
above, over
Term
sym, syn
Definition
joined, together
Term
tachy
Definition
rapid
Term
trans
Definition
across, through
Term
tri
Definition
three
Term
ultra
Definition
beyond, excess
Term
uni
Definition
one
Term
xanth/o
Definition
yellow
Term
ac
Definition
pertaining to
Term
ad
Definition
toward, increase
Term
al
Definition
pertaining to
Term
algesia
Definition
sensitivity to pain
Term
algia
Definition
pain
Term
ar
Definition
pertaining to
Term
ary
Definition
pertaining to, relating to
Term
ate
Definition
something that
Term
blast
Definition
embryonic stage of development
Term
cele
Definition
swelling or herniation
Term
centesis
Definition
surgical puncture
Term
cide
Definition
to kill, to destroy
Term
clasis
Definition
crushing or breaking up
Term
cyte
Definition
cell
Term
desis
Definition
binding or surgical fusion
Term
dynia
Definition
pain
Term
eal
Definition
pertaining to
Term
ectasia or ectasis
Definition
stretching or dilation
Term
ectomy
Definition
surgical removal
Term
emia
Definition
blood condition
Term
er
Definition
one who
Term
esis
Definition
condition of
Term
gen
Definition
that which generates
Term
genesis
Definition
generating, formation
Term
genic
Definition
pertaining to formation, producing
Term
gram
Definition
record or picture
Term
graph
Definition
an instrument used to record
Term
graphy
Definition
process of recording
Term
gravida
Definition
pregnancy
Term
ia
Definition
condition (noun ending)
Term
ian
Definition
specialist in a field of study
Term
iasis
Definition
presence of an abnormal condition
Term
iatric
Definition
relating to medicine, physicians, or medical treatment
Term
iatrician, iatrist
Definition
one who treats, a physician
Term
iatry
Definition
medical treatment, medical profession
Term
ic
Definition
pertaining to
Term
ical
Definition
pertaining to
Term
ician
Definition
specialist in a field of study
Term
ile
Definition
pertaining to, capable
Term
ion
Definition
action, process
Term
ism
Definition
condition
Term
ist
Definition
practitioner
Term
itis
Definition
inflammation
Term
ize
Definition
to make, to treat or combine with
Term
lepsy
Definition
seizure, attack
Term
lith
Definition
stone
Term
lithiasis
Definition
presence or formation of stones
Term
logy
Definition
the study of
Term
logist
Definition
one who specializes in the study of
Term
lysis
Definition
destruction or detachment
Term
lytic
Definition
destruction
Term
mania
Definition
a mental disorder
Term
megaly
Definition
enlargement
Term
meter
Definition
an instrument used to measure
Term
metry
Definition
the process of measuring
Term
oid
Definition
resembling
Term
ole
Definition
small
Term
oma
Definition
tumor
Term
opia, opsia
Definition
visual condition
Term
opsy
Definition
process of viewing
Term
ory
Definition
pertaining to, characterized by
Term
osis
Definition
condition
Term
ous
Definition
pertaining to
Term
pathy
Definition
disease
Term
penia
Definition
decrease in, deficiancy
Term
pexy
Definition
surgical fixation
Term
philia
Definition
attraction to
Term
phobia
Definition
abnormal fear
Term
plasia
Definition
formation or development
Term
plasty
Definition
surgical repair
Term
plegia
Definition
peralysis
Term
pnea
Definition
breathing
Term
ptosis
Definition
drooping or prolapse
Term
rrhagia
Definition
excessive flow or discharge
Term
rhaphy
Definition
suturing
Term
rrhexis
Definition
rupture
Term
scope
Definition
an instrument used to view
Term
scopy
Definition
the process of viewing with a scope
Term
stasis
Definition
stopping or controlling
Term
stomy
Definition
the surgical creation of a new opening
Term
tic
Definition
pertaining to
Term
tion
Definition
process of
Term
tomy
Definition
incision into
Term
tripsy
Definition
intentional crushing
Term
ula
Definition
small, little
Term
ule
Definition
small one
Term
um
Definition
a suffix that identifies singular nouns
Term
uria
Definition
a characteristics of the urine
Term
us
Definition
a suffix that identifies singular nouns
Term
y
Definition
condition, process ( noun ending)
Term
abdominal cavity
Definition
the cavity beneath the thoracic cavity that is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm; contains the liver, gallbladder, spleen, stomach, pancreas, intestines, and kidneys.
Term
abdominopelvic cavity
Definition
a term that describes the abdominal and pelvic cavity collectively, refers to the space between the diaphragm and the groin.
Term
anaplasia
Definition
a change in the structure and the orientation of cells, characterized by a loss of differentiation and reversion to a more primitive form.
Term
anatomical position
Definition
the standard reference position for the body as a whole: the person is standing with arms at the sides and palms turned forward; the individual's head and feet are also pointing forward.
Term
anterior
Definition
pertaining to the front of the body or toward the belly of the body.
Term
aplasia
Definition
a developmental failure resulting in the absence of any organ or tissue.
Term
cardiac muscle
Definition
the muscle that makes up the muscular wall of the heart.
Term
caudal
Definition
pertaining to the tail.
Term
cell
Definition
the smallest and most numerous structural unit of living matter.
Term
cell membrane
Definition
the semipermeable barrier that is the outer covering of the cell.
Term
cervical vertebrae
Definition
the first 7 segments of the spinal column; identifies as c1 through c7
Term
chromosomes
Definition
the threadlike structures within the nucleus that control the functions of growth, repair, and reproduction of the body.
Term
coccyx
Definition
the tailbone. located at the end of the vertebral column, the coccyx results from the fusion of four individual coccygeal bones in the child
Term
connective tissue
Definition
tissue that supports and binds other body tissue and parts
Term
cranial
Definition
pertaining to the skull or cranium
Term
cranial cavity
Definition
the cavity that contains the brain
Term
cytology
Definition
the study of the cells
Term
cytoplasm
Definition
a gel-like substance that surrounds the nucleus of the cell. the cytoplasm contains cell organs, called organelles, which carry out the essential functions of the cell
Term
deep
Definition
away from the surface and toward the inside of the body
Term
distal
Definition
away from or farthest from the trunk of the body or farthest from the point of origin of a body part
Term
dorsal
Definition
pertaining to the back
Term
dorsum
Definition
the back or posterior surface of a part; in the foot, the top of the foot
Term
dysplasia
Definition
any abnormal development of tissues or organs
Term
epigastric region
Definition
the region of the abdomen located between the right and left hypochondriac regions in the upper section of the abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the ribs.
Term
epithelial tissue
Definition
the tissue that covers the internal and external organs of the body; it also lines the vessels, body cavities, glands, and body organs.
Term
frontal plane
Definition
any of the vertical planes passing through the body from the head to the feet, perpendicular to the sagittal planes and dividing the body into front and back portions
Term
genes
Definition
segments of chromosomes that transmit hereditary characteristics
Term
histologist
Definition
a medical scientist who specializes in the study of tissues
Term
hyperplasia
Definition
an increase in the number of cells of a body part
Term
hypochondriac region
Definition
the right and left regions of the upper abdomen, beneath the cartilage of the lower ribs; located on either side of the epigastric region.
Term
hypogastric region
Definition
the middle section of the lower abdomen, beneath the umbilical region
Term
hypoplasia
Definition
incomplete or underdeveloped organ or tissue, usually the result of a decrease in the number of cells
Term
inferior
Definition
below or downward toward the tail or feet
Term
inguinal region
Definition
the right and left regions of the lower section of the abdomen; also called the iliac region
Term
intervertebral disc
Definition
a flat, circular, plate-like structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion (or shock absorber) between the vertebrae
Term
lateral
Definition
toward the side of the body, away from the midline of the body
Term
long axis
Definition
the long axis of the body; the imaginary line created by directing a vertical line through the middle of the body from the top of the head to a space equidistant between the feet; essentially the midline of the body
Term
lumbar region
Definition
the right and left regions of the middle section of the abdomen
Term
lumbar vertebrae
Definition
the largest and strongest of the vertebrae of the spinal column, located in the lower back. the lumbar vertebrae consist of five large segments of the movable part of the spinal column; identified as L1 through L5
Term
lysosomes
Definition
cell organs that contain various types of enzymes that function in intracellular digestion. lysosomes destroy bacteria by digesting them
Term
McBurney's point
Definition
a point on the right side of the abdomen, about two-thirds of the distance between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip
Term
medial
Definition
toward the midline of the body
Term
mediolateral
Definition
pertaining to the middle and side of a structure
Term
membrane
Definition
a thin layer of tissue that covers a surface, lines a cavity, or divides a space, such as the abdominal membrane that lines the abdominal wall
Term
midline of the body
Definition
the imaginary "line" created when the body is divided into equal right and left halves
Term
midsagittal plane
Definition
the plane that divides the body or structure into right and left equal portions
Term
mitochondria
Definition
cell organs which provide the energy needed by the cell to carry on its essential functions
Term
Munro's point
Definition
a point on the left side of the abdomen, about halfway between the umbilicus and the anterior bony prominence of the hip
Term
muscle tissue
Definition
the tissue capable of producing movement of the parts and organs of the body by contracting and relaxing its fibers
Term
navel
Definition
the belly button
Term
neoplasia
Definition
the new and abnormal development of cells that may be benign or malignant
Term
nervous tissue
Definition
tissue that transmits impulses throughout the body, thereby activating, coordinating, and controlling the many functions of the body
Term
nucleus
Definition
the central controlling body within a living cell that is enclosed within the cell membrane
Term
organs
Definition
tissues arranged together to perform a special function
Term
pelvic cavity
Definition
the lower front cavity of the body, located beneath the abdominal cavity; contains to urinary bladder and reproductive organs
Term
peritoneum
Definition
a specific serous membrane that covers the entire abdominal wall of the body and is reflected over the contained viscera
Term
plane
Definition
imaginary slices made through the body as if a dividing sheet were passed through the body at a particular angle and in a particular direction, permitting a view from a different angle
Term
plantar
Definition
pertaining to the sole or bottom of the foot
Term
posterior
Definition
pertaining to the back of the body
Term
pronation
Definition
a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn downward and backward
Term
prone
Definition
lying facedown on the abdomen
Term
proximal
Definition
toward or nearest to the trunk of the body or nearest to the point of origin of a body part
Term
ribosomes
Definition
cell organs that synthesize proteins; often called the cell's "protein factories"
Term
sacrum
Definition
the singular triangular-shaped bone that results from the fusion of the five individual sacral bones of the child
Term
skeletal muscle
Definition
muscle that is attached to bone and is responsible for the movement of the skeleton
Term
smooth muscle
Definition
muscle found in the walls of the hollow internal organs of the body such as the stomach and intestines
Term
spinal cavity
Definition
the cavity that contains the nerves and spinal cord; also known as the spinal cord
Term
superficial
Definition
pertaining to the surface of the body or near the surface
Term
superior
Definition
above or upward toward the head
Term
supination
Definition
a movement that allows the palms of the hands to turn upward or forward
Term
supine
Definition
lying horizontally on the back, faceup
Term
system
Definition
organs that work together to perform the many functions of the body as a whole
Term
thoracic cavity
Definition
the chest cavity, which contains the lungs, heart, aorta, esophagus, and trachea
Term
thoracic vertebrae
Definition
the second segment of 12 vertebrae that make up the vertebral bones of the chest; identified as T1 through T12
Term
tissue
Definition
a group of cells that performs specialized functions
Term
transverse plane
Definition
any of the planes cutting across the body perpendicular to the sagittal and the frontal planes, dividing the body into superior and inferior portions
Term
umbilical region
Definition
the region of the abdomen located in the middle section of the abdomen, between the right and left lumbar regions and directly beneath the epigastric region
Term
umbilicus
Definition
the navel; belly button
Term
ventral
Definition
pertaining to the front; belly side
Term
visceral
Definition
pertaining to the internal organs
Term
abrasion
Definition
a scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area
Term
abscess
Definition
a localized collection of pus in any part of the body
Term
albino
Definition
an individual with a marked deficiency of pigment in the eyes, hair, and skin
Term
alopecia
Definition
partial or complete loss of hair. may result from normal aging, a reaction to medication such as anticancer medications, an endocrine disorder, or some skin disease
Term
amputation
Definition
the surgical removal of a part of the body or a limb or a part of a limb; performed to treat recurrent infections or gangrene of a limb
Term
basal layer
Definition
the deepest of the five layers of the epidermis
Term
blackhead
Definition
an open comedo, caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle
Term
blister
Definition
a small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid; a vesicle
Term
boil
Definition
a localized pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle; a furuncle
Term
bruise
Definition
a bluish-black discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane caused by an escape of blood into the tissues as a result of an injury to the area
Term
bulla
Definition
a large blister
Term
carbuncle
Definition
a circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that contain pus, which eventually discharges to the skin surface
Term
cellulitis
Definition
a diffuse acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by localized heat, deep redness, pain, and swelling
Term
cerumen
Definition
ear wax
Term
ceruminous gland
Definition
a modified sweat gland that lubricates the skin of the ear canal with a yellowish-brown waxy substance called cerumen
Term
cicatrix
Definition
a scar
Term
circumscribed
Definition
confined to a limited space or well-defined area
Term
collagen
Definition
the protein substance that forms the glistening inelastic fibers of connective tissue such as tendon, ligaments, and fascia
Term
comedo
Definition
the typical lesion of acne vulgaris, caused by accumulation of karatin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle (closed comedo=whitehead, open comedo=blackhead)
Term
contusion
Definition
an injury to a part of the body without a break in the skin
Term
corium
Definition
the dermis; the layer of skin under the epidermis
Term
cryosurgery
Definition
a noninvasive treatment that uses subfreezing temperature to freeze and destroy the tissue. coolants such as liquid nitrogen are sued in metal probe
Term
curettage
Definition
the process of scraping material from the wall of a cavity or other surface for the purpose of removing abnormal tissue or unwanted material
Term
cutaneous membrane
Definition
the skin
Term
cuticle
Definition
a fold of skin that covers the root of the fingernail or toenail
Term
cyanosis
Definition
a condition of a bluish discoloration of the skin
Term
cyst
Definition
a closed sac or pouch in or within the skin that contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material
Term
debridement
Definition
removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and promote healing
Term
dermatitis
Definition
inflammation of the skin
Term
dermatologist
Definition
a physician who specializes in the treatment of disease and disorders of the skin
Term
dermatology
Definition
the study of the skin
Term
dermis
Definition
the layer of skin underneath the epidermis; the corium
Term
diaphoresis
Definition
the secretion of sweat
Term
ecchymosis
Definition
a bluish black discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane caused by an escape of blood into the tissue as a result of an injury to the area; also known as a bruise
Term
electrodesiccation
Definition
a technique that uses an electrical spark to burn and destroy tissue; used primarily for the removal of surface lesions
Term
epidermis
Definition
the outermost layer of the skin
Term
epidermoid cyst
Definition
a cyst filled with cheesy material composed of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceous gland; also known as a sebaceous cyst
Term
epithelium
Definition
the tissue that covers the internal and external surfaces of the body
Term
erythema
Definition
redness of the skin due to capillary dilation
Term
erythremia
Definition
an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells
Term
excoriation
Definition
an injury to the surface of the skin caused by trauma, such as scratching or abrasions
Term
exfoliation
Definition
peeling or sloughing off of tissue cells, as in peeling of the skin after a severe sunburn
Term
fissure
Definition
a cracklike sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane
Term
fistula
Definition
an abnormal passageway between two tubular organs or from an organ to the body surface
Term
furuncle
Definition
a localized pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle
Term
gangrene
Definition
death of tissue, most often involving the extremities.
Term
hair follicle
Definition
the tiny tube within the dermis that contains the root of a hair shaft
Term
hair root
Definition
the portion of a strand of hair that is embedded in the hair follicle
Term
hair shaft
Definition
the visible part of the hair
Term
hemangioma
Definition
a benign tumor that consists of a mass of blood vessels and has a reddish-purple color
Term
heparin
Definition
a natural anticoagulant substance produced by the body tissues; also produced in labs for therapeutic use as a heparin sodium
Term
hirsutism
Definition
excessive body hair in an adult male distribution pattern; occurring in women
Term
histamine
Definition
a substance (found in all cells) that is released in allergic inflammatory reactions
Term
histiocyte
Definition
macrophage; a large phagocytic cell occurring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue
Term
hives
Definition
circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions of the skin that are paler in the center than its surrounding edges
Term
hydrocele
Definition
a collection of fluid located in the area of the scrotal sac in the male
Term
ichthyosis
Definition
an inherited dermatological condition in which the skin is dry, hyperkerototic, and fissured
Term
integument
Definition
the skin
Term
integumentary system
Definition
the body system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands
Term
keratin
Definition
a hard fibrous protein found in the epidermis, hair, nails, enamel of the teeth, and horns of animals
Term
keratolytic
Definition
an agent used to break down or loosen the horny layer of the skin
Term
laceration
Definition
a tear in the skin
Term
lanugo
Definition
soft, very fine hair that covers the body of the developing fetus; this hairy coating is almost completely gone by birth
Term
lesion
Definition
any visible damage to the tissues of the skin, such as wound, sore, rash, or boil
Term
lipocyte
Definition
fat cell
Term
lunula
Definition
the crescent-shaped pale area at the base of the fingernail or toenail
Term
macule
Definition
a small, flat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised nor depressed
Term
mast cell
Definition
a cell (found in conn. tissue) that contains heparin and histamine; these substances are released from the mast cell in response to injury and infection
Term
melanin
Definition
a black or dark pigment that contributes color to the skin and helps to filter ultraviolet light
Term
melanocytes
Definition
cells responsible for producing melanin
Term
nail body
Definition
the visible part of the nail
Term
nodule
Definition
a small, circumscribed swelling protruding above the skin
Term
oil gland
Definition
one of the many small glands located in the dermis; its secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin
Term
onycholysis
Definition
separation of a fingernail from its bed, beginning at the free margin. this condition is associated with dermatitis of the hand, psoriasis, and fungal infections
Term
onychomycosis
Definition
any fungal infection of the nail
Term
onychophagia
Definition
habit of biting the nails
Term
pachyderma
Definition
abnormal thickening of the skin
Term
papule
Definition
a small, solid, circumscribed elevation on the skin
Term
paronychia
Definition
inflammation of the fold of skin surrounding the fingernail; also called runaround
Term
pediculosis
Definition
infestation with lice
Term
perspiration
Definition
the clear, watery fluid produced by the sweat glands
Term
petechia
Definition
small, pinpoint hemorrhages of the skin
Term
polyp
Definition
a small, stalklike growth that protrudes upward or outward from a mucous membrane surface, resembling a mushroom stalk
Term
pores
Definition
openings of the skin through which substances such as water, salts, and some fatty substances are excreted
Term
pressure ulcer
Definition
an inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence of the body , resulting from loss of blood supply and oxygen to the area due to prolonged pressure on the body part; also known as decubitis ulcer
Term
pruritus
Definition
itching
Term
purpura
Definition
of group of bleeding disorders characterized by bleeding into the skin and mucous membranes; small, pinpoint hemorrhages as known as petchia and larger hemorrhagic areas are known as ecchymoses or bruises
Term
pustule
Definition
a small elevation of the skin filled with puss; abscess
Term
scales
Definition
thin flakes of hardened epithelium shed from the epidermis
Term
seborrhea
Definition
excessive secretion of sebum, resulting in excessive oiliness or dry scales
Term
sebum
Definition
the oily secretions of the sebaceous gland
Term
skin tags
Definition
a small brownish or flesh-colored outgrowth of skin occurring frequently on the neck; cutaneous papilloma
Term
squamous epithelial cells
Definition
flat scalelike cells arranged in layers
Term
squamous epithelium
Definition
a single layer of flattened platelike cells that cover internal and external body surfaces
Term
stratified
Definition
layered
Term
stratum
Definition
a uniformly thick sheet or layer of cells
Term
stratum basale
Definition
the layer of skin where new cells are continually being produced, pushing older cells toward the surface of the skin
Term
stratum corneum
Definition
the outermost layer of the epidermis which continually sloughs off or flakes away; known as the horny layer
Term
stretch marks
Definition
linear tears in the dermis that results from rapid growth. they begin as pinkish blue streaks with jagged edges and may be accompanied by itching. as they heal and lose their color, they remain a silvery-white scar line, known as stria
Term
scales
Definition
thin flakes of hardened epithelium shed from the epidermis
Term
seborrhea
Definition
excessive secretion of sebum, resulting in excessive oiliness or dry scales
Term
sebum
Definition
the oily secretions of the sebaceous gland
Term
skin tags
Definition
a small brownish or flesh-colored outgrowth of skin occurring frequently on the neck; cutaneous papilloma
Term
squamous epithelial cells
Definition
flat scalelike cells arranged in layers
Term
squamous epithelium
Definition
a single layer of flattened platelike cells that cover internal and external body surfaces
Term
stratified
Definition
layered
Term
stratum
Definition
a uniformly thick sheet or layer of cells
Term
stratum basale
Definition
the layer of skin where new cells are continually being produced, pushing older cells toward the surface of the skin
Term
stratum corneum
Definition
the outermost layer of the epidermis which continually sloughs off or flakes away; known as the horny layer
Term
stretch marks
Definition
linear tears in the dermis that results from rapid growth. they begin as pinkish blue streaks with jagged edges and may be accompanied by itching. as they heal and lose their color, they remain a silvery-white scar line, known as stria
Term
subcutaneous tissue
Definition
the fatty layer of tissue located beneath the dermis
Term
subungual hematoma
Definition
a collection of blood beneath a nail bed, usually the result of trauma
Term
sudoriferous gland
Definition
a sweat gland
Term
sweat
Definition
the clear, watery fluid produced by the sweat glands; also known as perspiration
Term
sweat gland
Definition
one of the tiny structures within the dermis that produces sweat, which carries waste products to the surface of the skin for excretion; also known as sudoriferous glands
Term
telangiectasia
Definition
the permanent dilation of groups of superficial capillaries and venules. these dilated vessels may be visible through the skin as tiny red lines.
Term
ulcer
Definition
a circumscribed, open sore or lesion of the skin that is accompanied by inflammation
Term
urticaria
Definition
a reaction of the skin in which there is an appearance of smooth, slightly elevated patches that are redder or paler than the surrounding skin and often accompanied by severe itching
Term
vesicle
Definition
a small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid; a blister
Term
vitiligo
Definition
a skin disorder characterized by nonpigmented white patches of skin of varying sizes that are surrounded by skin with normal pigmentation
Term
wheal
Definition
a circumscribed slightly elevated lesion of the skin that is paler in the center than its surrounding edges; hives
Term
whitehead
Definition
a closed comedo caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle
Term
xanthoderma
Definition
any yellow coloration of the skin
Term
xerderma
Definition
a chronic skin condition characterized by roughness and dryness
Term
abrasion
Definition
a scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area
Term
abscess
Definition
a localized collection of pus any body part that results from invasion of pus-forming bacteria
Term
blister
Definition
a small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid; vesicle
Term
bulla
Definition
a large blister
Term
carbuncle
Definition
a circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that contains pus, which eventually discharges to the skin surface
Term
comedo
Definition
the typical lesion of acne vulgaris, caused by the accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle
Term
cyst
Definition
a closed sac or pouch in or within the skin that contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material
Term
fissure
Definition
a crack-like sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane
Term
macule
Definition
a small, flat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised nor depressed
Term
nodule
Definition
a small, circumscribed swelling protruding above the skin; a small node
Term
abrasion
Definition
a scraping or rubbing away of skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area
Term
abscess
Definition
a localized collection of pus any body part that results from invasion of pus-forming bacteria
Term
blister
Definition
a small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid; vesicle
Term
bulla
Definition
a large blister
Term
carbuncle
Definition
a circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that contains pus, which eventually discharges to the skin surface
Term
comedo
Definition
the typical lesion of acne vulgaris, caused by the accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle
Term
cyst
Definition
a closed sac or pouch in or within the skin that contains fluid, semifluid, or solid material
Term
fissure
Definition
a crack-like sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane
Term
macule
Definition
a small, flat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised nor depressed
Term
nodule
Definition
a small, circumscribed swelling protruding above the skin; a small node
Term
papule
Definition
a small, solid, circumscribed elevation on the skin
Term
polyp
Definition
a small, stalklike growth that protrudes upward or outwards from a mucous membrane surface resembling a mushroom stalk
Term
pustule
Definition
a small elevation of the skin filled with pus; a small abscess of the skin
Term
acne vulgaris
Definition
a common inflammatory disorder seen on the face, chest, neck, and back; appears as papules, pustules, and comedos; commonly known as acne
Term
albinism
Definition
a condition characterized by absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes. individuals lack inherited ability to produce brown skin coloring pigment, melanin.
Term
burn
Definition
tissue injury produced by flame, heat, chemicals, radiation, electricity, or gases. the extent of the damage to the underlying tissue is determined by the mode and duration of exposure, the thermal intensity or temperature, and anatomic site of the burn. burn degree is classified by the depth of the injry
Term
first degree (superficial) burn
Definition
redness and swelling of the epidermis and they heal on their own in about three to six days
Term
second degree (partial thickness) burn
Definition
exhibits a blistering pink to red color and some swelling
involves epidermis and upper layer od dermis
heals in about two weeks
Term
third degree (full thickness) burn
Definition
involves massive necrosis of the epidermis and entire dermis, and may include part of the subcutaneous tissue or muscle.
Term
callus
Definition
a common thickening of the epidermis at sites of external pressure or friction, such as the weight bearing areas of the feet and on the palmar surface of the hands. the localized hyperplastic area of up to one inch in size is also known as a callosity
Term
carcinoma, basal cell
Definition
a malignant epithelial cell tumor that begins as a slightly elevated nodule with a depression or ulceration in the center that becomes more obvious as the tumor grows. as the depression enlarges, the tissue breaks down, crusts, and bleeds
Term
carcinoma, squamous cell
Definition
a malignancy of the squamous cells of the epithelial tissue, which is a much faster growing cancer than basal cell carcinoma and which has a greater potential for metastasis is not treated
Term
dermatitis
Definition
inflammation of the skin, seen in several forms. may be acute or chromic, contact or seborrheic
Term
contact dermatitis
Definition
skin responds to an irritant or allergies with redness, pruritus and various skin lesions. two forms of contact dermatitis are allergic contact dermatitis and irritant contact dermatitis
Term
allergic contact dermatitis
Definition
develops by sensitization. when coming in contact with a substance for the first time, no immediate inflammation occurs, but future exposure to this substance will result in severe acute inflammation with pruritic red vesicular oozing lesions at the area of contact.
Term
irritant contact dermatitis
Definition
occurs following repeated exposure of a mild irritant or initial exposure of a strong irritant. the severe inflammatory reaction is characterized by a fine, itchy rash of clearly defined red papules and vesicles . chronic features are: dryness and scaling with dull reddened appearance
Term
eczema
Definition
an acute or chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by erythema, papules, vesicles, pustules, scales, crusts, or scabs and accomplished by intense itching
Term
exanthematous viral diseases
Definition
a skin eruption or rash accompanied by inflammation, having specific diagnosis of an infectious viral disease.
Term
herpes zoster (shingles)
Definition
an acute viral infection characterized by painful vesicular eruptions on the skin following along the nerve pathways of underlying spinal or cranial nerves
Term
hyperkeratosis
Definition
an overgrowth of the horny layer of the epidermis
Term
impetigo
Definition
contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphylococcus and streptococcus bacteria, usually forming on the face
Term
Kaposi's sarcoma
Definition
vascular malignant lesions that begin as soft purple-brown nodules or plaques on the face and oral cavity but can occur anywhere on the body and gradually spread throughout the skin
Term
keloid
Definition
an enlarged, irregularly shaped, and elevated scar that forms due to the presence of large amounts of collagen during the formation of the scar
Term
keratosis
Definition
skin condition in which there is thickening and overgrowth of the cornified epithelium
Term
seborrheic keratosis
Definition
appears as brown or waxy yellow warlike lesions, 5-20mm in diameter, loosely attached to the skin surface
Term
actinic keratosis
Definition
a premalignant, gray or redish-brown, hardened lesion caused by excessive exposure to sunlight. also called solar keratosis
Term
leukoplakia
Definition
white, hard thickened patches firmly attached to the mucous membrane in areas such as the mouth, vulva, or penis
Term
malignant melanoma
Definition
malignant skin tumor originating from melanocytes in preexisting nevi, freckles, or skin with pigment; darkly colored cancerous tumor
Term
nevus (mole)
Definition
a visual accumulation of melanocytes, creating a flat or raised rounded macule or papule with definite borders.
Term
onychocryptosis
Definition
ingrown nail. the nail pierces the lateral fold of the skin and grows into the dermis, causing swelling and pain
Term
onychomycosis
Definition
a fungal infection of the nails
Term
pediculosis
Definition
a highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by blood-sucking lice, can occur: head, body, eyelashes, and pubic area
Term
pemphigus
Definition
a rare incurable disorder manifested by blisters in the mouth and on the skin which spread to involve large areas of the body, including the chest, face, umbilicus, back, and groin
Term
pilonidal cyst
Definition
a closed sac located in the sacrococcygeal area of the back, sometimes noted at birth as a dimple
Term
psoriasis
Definition
a common, noninfectious, chronic disorder of the skin manifested by silvery-white scales covering round, raised, reddened plaques producing itching
Term
rosacea
Definition
a chronic inflammatory disease that mainly affects the skin of the middle third of the face. the individual has persistent redness over the areas of the face, nose, and cheeks
Term
scabies
Definition
a highly contagious parasitic infestation caused by the "human itch mite," resulting in rash, pruritus, and slightly raised thread-like skin lines
Term
scleroderma
Definition
a gradual thickening of the dermis and swelling of the hands and feet to a state in which the skin is anchored tot he underlying tissue
Term
systemic lupus erythematosus
Definition
a chromic, inflammatory disease characterized by lesions of the nervous system and skin, renal problems, and vasculitis. a red rash known as the "butterfly rash" is often seen on the nose and face
Term
tinea
Definition
more commonly known as ringworm, a chromic fungal infection of the skin that is characterized by scaling, itching, and sometimes painful lesions. the lesions are names according to the body part affected.
Term
tinea capitis
Definition
ringworm of the scxalp
Term
tinea corporis
Definition
ringworm of the body is characterized by round patches with elevated red borders of pustules papules or vesicles that affect the nonhairy skin of the body
Term
tinea cruris
Definition
ringworm of the groin
Term
tinea pedis
Definition
ringworm of the foot
Term
wart
Definition
a benign, circumscribed elevated skin lesion that results from hypertrophy of the epidermis; caused by the human papilloma virus
Term
allergy testing
Definition
various procedures used to identify specific allergens in an individual by exposing the person to a very small quantity of the allergen
Term
cautery
Definition
heat or caustic substances that burn and scar the skin (coagulation of tissue)
Term
cryosurgery
Definition
a noninvasive treatment that uses subfreezing temp. to freeze and destroy the tissue
Term
curettage and electrodesiccation
Definition
a combination procedure of curettage that involves scraping away abnormal tissue and electrodesiccation, which involves destroying the tumor base with a low-voltage electrode
Term
debridement
Definition
removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing
Term
dermabrasion
Definition
removal of the epidermis and a portion of the dermis with sandpaper or brushes to eliminate superficial scars or unwanted tattoos
Term
dermatoplasty
Definition
skin transplantation to a body surface damaged by injury or disease
Term
electrodesiccation
Definition
a technique using an electrical spark to burn and destroy tissue; used primarily for the removal of surface lesions
Term
electrosurgery
Definition
the removal or destruction of tissue with an electrical current
Term
escharotomy
Definition
an incision made into the necrotic tissue resulting from a severe burn
Term
liposuction
Definition
aspiration of fat through a suction cannula or curette to alter the body contours
Term
skin biopsy
Definition
the removal of a small piece of tissue from a skin lesion for the purpose of examining it under a microscope to confirm or establish a diagnosis
Term
excisional biopsy
Definition
removal of the complete tumor or lesion
Term
incisional biopsy
Definition
a portion of the lesion is removed with a scalpel
Term
punch biopsy
Definition
removal of a specimen of tissue in the "cookie cutter" fashion
Term
shave biopsy
Definition
uses a scalpel or a razor blade to shave lesions elevated above the skin
Term
skin graft
Definition
a process of placing tissue on a recipient site, taken from a donor site, to provide the protective mechanisms of skin to an area unable to regenerate skin(as in third degree burns)
Term
wood's lamp
Definition
an ultraviolet light used to examine the scalp and skin for the purpose of observing fungal spores
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
thin layer of cartilage that covers the ends of the long bones and the surfaces of the joints
Term
bone depressions
Definition
concave, indented areas or openings in bones
Term
bone markings
Definition
specific features of individual bones
Term
bone processes
Definition
projections or outgrowths of bones
Term
cancellous bone
Definition
spongy bone, not as dense as compact bone
Term
cervical vertebrae
Definition
vertebrae or bones of the neck, C1-c7
Term
compact bone
Definition
hard outer shell of bone
Term
condyle
Definition
knucklelike projection at the end of a bone
Term
crest
Definition
distinct border or ridge
Term
diaphysis
Definition
main shaftlike portion of a bone
Term
epiphyseal line
Definition
a layer of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from the epiphysis of a bone
Term
epiphysis
Definition
end of a bone
Term
false ribs
Definition
rib pairs 8-10, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but not to the sternum in the front because they join the seventh rib in the front
Term
fissure
Definition
a groove or depression in a bone
Term
flat bones
Definition
bones that are broad and thin with flat or curved surfaces
Term
floating ribs
Definition
rib pairs 11 and 12, which connect to the vertebrae in the back but are free of any attachment in the front
Term
fontanelle
Definition
space between the bones of an infants cranium "soft spot"
Term
foramen
Definition
hole in a bone through which blood vessels or nerves pass
Term
fossa
Definition
hollow or concave depression in a bone
Term
haversion canals
Definition
system of small canals within compact bone that contain blood vessels lymphatic vessels, and nerves
Term
hematopoiesis
Definition
the normal formation and development of blood cells in the bone marrow
Term
intercostal spaces
Definition
spaces between the ribs
Term
intervertebral disks
Definition
a flat, platelike structure of cartilage that serves as a cushion between the vertebrae
Term
long bones
Definition
bones that are longer than they are wide and with distinctive shaped ends
Term
lumbar vertebrae
Definition
the vertebrae of the lower back, L1-L5
Term
medullary cavity
Definition
the center portion of the shaft of a long bone containing the yellow marrow
Term
ossification
Definition
the conversion of cartilage and fibrous conn. tissue to the bone; the formation of bone
Term
osteoblasts
Definition
immature bone cells that actively produce bony tissue
Term
osteoclasts
Definition
large cells that absorb or digest old bone tissue
Term
osteocytes
Definition
mature bone cells
Term
periosteum
Definition
the thick, white, fibrous membrane that covers the surface of a long bone
Term
red bone marrow
Definition
the soft, semifluid substance located in the small spaces of cancellous bone that is the source of blood cell production
Term
resorption
Definition
the process of removing or digesting old bone tissue
Term
sesamoid bones
Definition
irregular bones embedded in tendons near a joint
Term
short bones
Definition
bones that are about as long as they are wide and somewhat box shaped
Term
sinus
Definition
an opening or hollow space in a bone, a cavity within a bone
Term
spine
Definition
a sharp projection from the surface of a bone
Term
stenosis
Definition
an abnormal condition characterized by a narrowing or restriction of an opening or passageway in a body structure
Term
sulcus
Definition
a groove or depression in a bone
Term
sutures
Definition
immovable joints
Term
thoracic vertebrae
Definition
the 12 vertebrae of the chest T1-T12
Term
trabeculae
Definition
needlelike bony spicules within within cancellous bone that contributes to the spongy appearance. their distribution along lines of stress adds to the strength of the bone
Term
trochanter
Definition
large bony process located below the neck of the femur
Term
true ribs
Definition
the first seven pairs of ribs which connect to the vertebrae in the back and to the sternum in the front
Term
tubercle
Definition
a small rounded process of A BONE
Term
tuberosity
Definition
an elevated broad rounded process of a bone
Term
vertebral foramen
Definition
a large opening in the center of each vertebra that serves as a passageway for the spinal cord
Term
yellow marrow
Definition
located in the diaphysis of long bones, yellow marrow consists of fatty tissue and is inactive in the formation of blood cells
Term
osteoporosis
Definition
porous bones; bones that become fragile
Term
osteomalacia
Definition
bones become abnormally soft due to a deficiency in calcium and phosphorus in the blood. this disease results in fractures and noticeable deformities of the weight bearing bones.
Term
osteomyelitis
Definition
local or generalized infection of the bone and bone marrow, resulting from a bacterial infection that has spread to the bone tissue through the blood
Term
Ewing's Sarcoma
Definition
a malignant tumor of the bones common to young adults, particular in adolescent boys
Term
osteogenic sarcoma
Definition
a malignant tumor arising from bone. it is the most common malignant tumor and its common sites are the distal femur, the proximal tibia, and the proximal humerus.
Term
osteochondroma
Definition
the most common benign bone tumor. the tibia and femur are the most frequently involved
Term
Paget's disease
Definition
a nonmetabolic disease of the bone, characterized by excessive bone destruction and unorganized bone formation by osteoblasts. the bone is weak and prone to fractures. after symptoms are present, the diseased bone takes on characteristic mosaic pattern that can be detected with x-ray or bone scan
Term
spinal stenosis
Definition
a narrowing of the vertebral canal, nerve root canals, or intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spinal canal. the narrowing cases pressure on the nerve roots prior to their exit from the foramini
Term
talipes equinovarus
Definition
clubfoot
Term
abnormal curvature of the spine
Definition
kyphosis: abnormal outward curvature of a portion of the spine, also known as humpback or hunchback
lordosis: abnormal inward curvature of a portion of the spine, also known as swayback
scoliosis: abnormal lateral curvature of a portion of the spine, may be to the right or the left
Term
closed fracture
Definition
a simple fracture, a break with no open wound on the skin
Term
open fracture
Definition
compound fracture, there is a break along with an open wound on the skin
Term
complete fraction
Definition
a break through the entire thickness of the bone
Term
incomplete fracture (greenstick fracture)
Definition
one side of the bone is broken and one side of the bone is bent
Term
compression fraction
Definition
caused by two bone surfaces being forced together
Term
impacted fracture
Definition
a direct force causes the bone to break, forcing the broken end of the smaller bone into the broken end of the larger bone.
Term
comminuted fracture
Definition
the force is so great that it splinters or crushes a segment of the bone
Term
colles' fracture
Definition
occurs in the lower end of the radius, within one inch of connecting with the wrist bones
Term
hairline fracture
Definition
a minor fracture in which the bone continues to be in perfect alignment. the fracture appears on an x-ray as a very thin "hair line" between the two segments
Term
pathologic fracture
Definition
a bone is weakened by a preexisting disease, breaks in response to a force that would not cause a normal break.
Term
occult fracture
Definition
a fracture that cannot be detected by a x-ray until several weeks after the injury
Term
closed reduction
Definition
aligning the bone fragments through manual manipulation or traction without making incision into the skin
Term
open reduction
Definition
realigning the bone through direct observation during surgery
Term
bone scan
Definition
intravenous injection of a radioisotope, which is absorbed by bone tissue. after approximately 3 hours, the skeleton is scanned with a gamma camera moving from one end of the body to the other. the scanner detects the areas of radioactive concentration and converts the radioactive image to a screen on which the concentrations show up as pinpoint dots cast in the image of a skeleton
Term
bone marrow aspiration
Definition
the process of removing a small sample of bone marrow from a selected site with a needle for the purpose of examining the specimen under a microscope
Term
dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
Definition
a noninvasive procedure that measures bone density. in the DEXA procedure, an x-ray machine generates the energy photons that pass through the bones. a computer then evaluates the amount of radiation absorbed by the bones, and the findings are interpreted by a physician.
Term
arthralgia
Definition
pain in the joint; symptom present in many joint diseases
Term
atrophy
Definition
wasting away; "without development"
Term
cardiac muscle
Definition
specialized type of muscle that forms the wall of the heart. an involuntary muscle
Term
contract
Definition
a reduction in size
Term
contracture
Definition
an abnormal bending of a joint into a fixed position; usually caused by atrophy and shortening of muscle fibers
Term
fascia
Definition
thin sheets of fibrous conn. tissue that penetrate and cover the entire muscle, holding the fibers together
Term
insertion
Definition
the point of attachment of a muscle to a bone it moves
Term
involuntary muscle
Definition
muscles that act without conscious control. controlled by the autonomic nervous system and hormones
Term
muscle fiber
Definition
the name given to the individual muscle cell
Term
origin
Definition
the point of attachment of a muscle to a bone that is less moveable
Term
pelvic girdle weakness
Definition
weakness of the muscles of the pelvic girdle . in muscular dystrophy, the pelvic girdle weakness causes the child to use one or both hands to assist in rising from sitting position by "walking" the hands up lower extremities until he or she is in an upright position
Term
pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy
Definition
a form of muscular dystrophy that is characterized by progressive weakness and muscle fiber degeneration without evidence of nerve involvement or degeneration of nerve tissue
Term
skeletal muscle
Definition
muscles that attach to the bones of a skeleton; act voluntarily
Term
smooth muscle
Definition
muscles found in the walls of hollow organs and tubes such as the stomach, intestines, respiratory passageways, and blood vessels; involuntarily
Term
striated muscle
Definition
muscles that have a striped appearance when viewed under a microscope.
Term
tendon
Definition
a strong fibrous band of tissue that extends from a muscle, attaching it to the bone by becoming continuous with the periosteum of the bone
Term
trunk
Definition
the main part of the body, to which the head and the extremities are attached; also called the torso
Term
visceral muscle
Definition
muscles of the internal organs
Term
voluntary muscle
Definition
muscle that operate under conscious control. those that are responsible for movement of the face, eyes, tongue, and pharynx are under voluntary control
Term
muscular dystrophy
Definition
a group of genetically transmitted disorders characterized by progressive symmetrical wasting of skeletal muscles; there is no evidence of nerve involvement or degeneration of nerve tissue.
Term
polymyositis
Definition
a chromic, progressive disease affecting the skeletal muscles. it is characterized by muscle weakness of hips and arms and degeneration
Term
rotator cuff tear
Definition
a tear in the muscles that form a cuff over the upper end of the arm (head of the humerus). the rotator cuff helps to lift and rotate the arm and hold the head of the humerus in place during abduction of the arm
Term
strains
Definition
a strain is an injury to the body of the muscle or attachment of the tendon, resulting from overstretching, overextension, or misuse
Term
muscle biopsy
Definition
the extraction of a specimen of muscle tissue, through either a biopsy needle or an incisional biopsy, for the purpose of examining it under a microscope
Term
electromyography
Definition
the process of recording the strength of the contraction of a muscle when it is stimulated by an electric current
Term
fibrous joints
Definition
the surfaces of the bones fit closely together and are held together by fibrous conn. tissue . immovable joint
Term
cartilaginous joint
Definition
bones are connected together by cartilage, as in the symphysis. this type of joint allows limited movement
Term
synovial joint
Definition
the bones have space between them called the joint cavity. the joint cavity is lined with a synovial membrane, which secretes a thick lubricating fluid called the synovial fluid. the bones of the synovial joint are held together by ligaments. the surfaces of the connecting bones are protected by a thin layer of cartilage called the articular cartilage. a synovial joint allows free movement
Term
hinge joint
Definition
allows movement in one direction- a back and forth type of motion
Term
ball and socket joint
Definition
allows movements in many directions around a central point. a ball shaped head that fits into the concave depression of another bone allows the bone with the ball shaped head to move in many directions
Term
abduction
Definition
movement of a bone away from the midline of the body
Term
adduction
Definition
movement of a bone toward the midline of the body
Term
arthraglia
Definition
joint pain
Term
articular cartilage
Definition
the layer of cartilage protecting and covering the connecting surfaces of the bones
Term
articulation
Definition
the point at which two bones come together
Term
bunion
Definition
abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the great toe
Term
bunionectomy
Definition
surgical removal of a bunion; removing the bony overgrowth and the bursa
Term
bursa
Definition
a small sac that contains synovial fluid for lubricating the area around the joint where friction is most likely to occur
Term
crepitation
Definition
clicking or cracking sounds heard upon joint movement
Term
dorsiflexion
Definition
bending the foot upward or backward at the ankle
Term
extension
Definition
a straightening motion that increases the angle between two bones
Term
flexion
Definition
a bending motion that decreases the angle between two bones
Term
ganglionectomy
Definition
surgical removal of a ganglion
Term
kyphosis
Definition
humpback
Term
ligaments
Definition
conn. tissue bands that join bone to bone, offering support to the joint
Term
malaise
Definition
a vague feeling of weakness
Term
needle aspiration
Definition
the insertion of a needle into a cavity for the purpose of withdrawing fluid
Term
photosensitivity
Definition
increased reaction of the skin to exposure to sunlight
Term
plantar flexion
Definition
bending the foot downward at the ankle
Term
pronation
Definition
the act of turning the palm downward
Term
rotation
Definition
the turning of the bone on its own axis
Term
sciatica
Definition
inflammation of the sciatic nerve, marked by pain and tenderness along the part of the nerve through the thigh and leg
Term
subluxation
Definition
an incomplete dislocation
Term
supination
Definition
the act of turning the palm up or forward
Term
suture
Definition
an immovable joint
Term
synovial fluid
Definition
a thick lubricating fluid located in synovial joints
Term
synovial membrane
Definition
the lining of a synovial joint cavity
Term
viscous
Definition
sticky
Term
adhesive capsulitis
Definition
a shoulder condition characterized by stiffness of the shoulder, limited shoulder movement, and pain; also known as "frozen shoulder." the condition may be idiopathic or due to an underlying cause such as trauma, osteoarthritis, or systemic diseases. it is divided into three stages: the painful, the adhesive, and recovery
Term
arthritis
Definition
inflammation of the joints
Term
ankylosing spondylitis
Definition
a type of arthritis that affects the vertebral column and causes deformities of the spine
Term
dislocation
Definition
the displacement of a bone from its normal location within a joint, causing loss of function of the joint
Term
ganglion
Definition
cystic tumor developing on a tendon
Term
gout
Definition
a form of acute arthritis that is characterized by inflammation of the first metatarsal joint of the great toe
Term
herniated disk
Definition
the rupture of the central portion, or nucleus, of the disk through the disk wall and into the spinal canal
Term
lyme disease
Definition
is an acute, recurrent, inflammatory infection transmitted through the bite of an infected deer tick
Term
osteoarthritis
Definition
known as degenerative joint disease. it is the most common form of arthritis and results from wear and tear on the joints
Term
rheumatoid arthritis
Definition
a chronic, systemic, inflammatory disease that affects multiple joints of the body, mainly the small peripheral joints such as in those of the hands and feet
Term
strain
Definition
injury to the body of the muscle or attachment of a tendon
Term
systemic lupus erythematosus
Definition
chromic inflammatory conn. tissue disease affecting the skin, joints, nervous system , kidneys, lungs, and other organs. the most striking symptom of the disease is butterfly rash.
Term
arthrocentesis
Definition
is the surgical puncture of a joint with a needle for the purpose of withdrawing fluid for analysis
Term
arthrogram
Definition
an x-ray of a joint after injection of a contrast medium
Term
arthrography
Definition
the process of x-raying the inside of a joint after a contrast medium has been injected into the joint
Term
arthroplasty
Definition
surgical reconstruction of a joint
Term
arthroscopy
Definition
the visualization of the interior of a joint by using an edoscope
Term
rheumatoid factor
Definition
a blood test that measures the presence of unusual antibodies that develop in a number of conn. tissue diseases
Term
erythrocyte sed rate
Definition
a blood test that measures the rate at which erythrocytes settle to the bottom of a test tube filled with unclotted blood
Term
agglutination
Definition
the clumping of cells as a result of interaction with specific antibodies called agglutinins
Term
albumin
Definition
a plasma protein. helps maintain blood volume and pressure
Term
allergen
Definition
a substance that can produce a hypersensitive reaction in the body
Term
allergy
Definition
a hypersensitive reaction to normally harmless antigens, most of which are environmental
Term
anaphylaxis
Definition
an exaggerated life threatening hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen
Term
anisocytosis
Definition
an abnormal condition of the blood characterized by red blood cells off variable and abnormal size
Term
antibodies
Definition
substances produced by the body in response to bacteria, viruses, or other foreign substances. antibody named for its action
Term
antigens
Definition
a substance, usually a protein, that causes the formation of an antibody and reacts specifically with that antibody
Term
ascites
Definition
an abnormal intraperitoneal accumulation of a fluid containing large amounts of protein and electrolytes
Term
basophil
Definition
a granulocytic white blood cell characterized by cytoplasmic granules that stain blue when exposed to a basic dye
Term
bilirubin
Definition
the orange yellow pigment of bile formed principally by the breakdown of hemoglobin in red blood cells after termination of their normal life span
Term
coagulation
Definition
the process of transforming a liquid into a solid, especially of the blood
Term
corpuscle
Definition
any cell of the body; a red or white blood cell
Term
differentiation
Definition
a process in development in which unspecialized cells or tissues are systemically modified and altered to achieve specific and characteristic physical forms, physiologic functions, and chemical properties
Term
dyscrasia
Definition
an abnormal condition of the blood or bone marrow
Term
edema
Definition
the abnormal accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces of tissue
Term
electrophoresis
Definition
the movement of charged suspended particles through a liquid medium in response to changes in an electric field. charged particles of a given substance migrate in a predictable direction and at characteristic speed
Term
enzyme
Definition
an organic substance that initiates and accelerates a chemical reaction
Term
eosinophil
Definition
a granulocyte bilobed leukocyte somewhat larger than a neutrophil characterized by large numbers of coarse, refractile, cytoplasmic granules that stain with the acid dye eosin
Term
erythremia
Definition
an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells
Term
erythroblast
Definition
an immature red blood cell
Term
erythrocyte
Definition
a mature red blood cell
Term
erythropoiesis
Definition
the process of red blood cell production
Term
erythropoietin
Definition
a hormone synthesized mainly in the kidneys and released into the bloodstream in response to anoxia
Term
fibrin
Definition
a stringy , insoluble protein that is the substance of a blood clot
Term
fibrinogen
Definition
a plasma protein converted into fibrin by thrombin in the presence os calcium ions
Term
globin
Definition
a group of four globulin protein molecules that become bound by the iron in heme molecules to for hemoglobin
Term
globulin
Definition
a plasma protein made in the liver.
Term
granulocyte
Definition
a type of leukocyte characterized by the presence of cytoplasmic granules
Term
hematologist
Definition
a medical specialist in the field of hematology
Term
hematology
Definition
the scientific study of blood forming tissues
Term
heme
Definition
the pigmented iron containing nonprotein portion of the hemoglobin molecule
Term
hemoglobin
Definition
a complex protein protein iron compound in the blood that carries oxygen to the cells from the lungs and carbon dioxide away from the cells to the lungs
Term
hemolysis
Definition
the breakdown of red blood cells and release of hemoglobin that occurs normally at the end of the life span of a red blood cell
Term
hemorrhage
Definition
a loss of a large amount of blood in a short period of time either externally or internally.
Term
hemostasis
Definition
the termination of bleeding by mechanical or chemical means or by the complex coagulation process of the body, consisting of vasoconstriction , platelet aggregation, and thrombin and fibrin synthesis
Term
heparin
Definition
a naturally occurring anticlotting factor present in the body
Term
hyperalbuminemia
Definition
an increased level of albumin in the blood
Term
hyperlipemia
Definition
an excessive level of blood fats
Term
ion
Definition
an electrically charged particle
Term
leukocyte
Definition
a white blood cell one of the formed elements of the circulating blood system
Term
leukocytopenia
Definition
an abnormal decrease in number of white blood cells to fewer than 5000 cells per cubic inch
Term
megakaryocyte
Definition
an extremely large bone marrow cell
Term
monocyte
Definition
a large mononuclear leukocyte
Term
myeloid
Definition
of or pertaining to the bone marrow or the spinal cord
Term
neutrophil
Definition
a polymorphonuclear granular leukocyte that stains easily with neutral dyes
Term
pancytopenia
Definition
a marked reduction in the number of the red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets
Term
pica
Definition
a craving to eat unusual substances
Term
plasma
Definition
the watery straw colored fluid portion of the lymph and the lymph and the blood in which the leukocytes erythrocytes and platelets are suspended
Term
platelet
Definition
a clotting cell
Term
prothrombin
Definition
a plasma protein precursor of thrombin
Term
reticulocyte
Definition
an immature erythrocyte characterized by a meshlike pattern of threads and particles at the former sit of the nucleus
Term
septicemia
Definition
systemic infection in which pathogens are present in the circulating bloodstream, having spread froman infection in any part of the body
Term
seroconversion
Definition
a change in serologic test from negative to positive as antibodies develop in reaction to an infection or vaccine
Term
serology
Definition
the branch of laboratory medicine that studies blood serum for evidence of infection by evaluating antigen antibody reactions
Term
serum
Definition
also called blood serum. the clear thin and sticky fluid portion of te blood that remains after coagulation
Term
splenomegaly
Definition
an abnormal enlargement of the spleen
Term
stem cell
Definition
a formative cell; a cell whose daughter cells ay give rise to other cell types
Term
thrombin
Definition
an enzyme formed from prothrombin, calcium, and thromboplastin in plasma during the clotting process
Term
thrombocytopenia
Definition
an abnormal hematologic condition in which the number of platelets is reduced
Term
thromboplastin
Definition
a complex substance that initiates the clotting process by converting prothrombin into thrombin in the presence of calcium ion
Term
thrombus
Definition
a clot
Term
analgelsic
Definition
pertaining to relieving pain
Term
anastomosis
Definition
a surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one tot the other
Term
aneurysm
Definition
localized dilation of a weakened are of the wall of an artery
Term
anomaly
Definition
deviation from normal; birth defect;
Term
anorexia
Definition
lack or loss of appetite resulting in the inability to eat
Term
arthraglia
Definition
joint pain
Term
ascites
Definition
an abnormal collection of fluid within the peritoneal cavity
Term
asystole
Definition
absence of contraction of the heart
Term
atherosclerosis
Definition
a form of arteriosclerosis characterized by fatty deposits building up witin the inner layers of the walls od larger arteries
Term
benign
Definition
noncancerous, non progressive
Term
bruit
Definition
an abnormal sound or murmur heard with a stethoscope when listening to a carotid artery, organ, or gland
Term
cardiologist
Definition
one who specializes on the heart
Term
cardiology
Definition
the study of the heart
Term
carditis
Definition
inflammation of the heart muscles
Term
claudication
Definition
cramplike pains in the calves of the legs caused by poor circulation
Term
coronary artery
Definition
one of the pair of arteries that branch form the aorta
Term
cusp
Definition
any one of the small flaps on the valves of the heart
Term
dependent edema
Definition
a fluid accumulation in the tissues influenced by gravity
Term
diastole
Definition
the period of relaxation of the heart
Term
dysrhythmia
Definition
abnormal rhythm
Term
abdomen
Definition
the portion of the body between the thorax and the pelvis
Term
absorption
Definition
the passage of substances across and into tissues
Term
amino acids
Definition
an organic chemical compound composed of one or more basic amino groups and one or more carboxyl groups
Term
anus
Definition
the opening through which the solid wastes are eliminated from the body
Term
bile
Definition
a bitter yellow green secretion of the liver
Term
bolus
Definition
a ball like mass of chewed food that is ready to be swallowed
Term
chyme
Definition
the liquid material of partially digested food and digestive secretions found in the stomach just before it is released into duodenum
Term
cecum
Definition
a cul-de-sac containing the first part of the large intestine
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