Term
| Name of muscle that starts the micturition reflex |
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Definition
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Term
| What volume of urine starts the micturition reflex? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much urine is retained after a normal voiding? |
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Definition
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Term
| Total average daily urine output for anyone older than 14? |
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Definition
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Term
| When would it be normal for urine to have sediment? |
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Definition
| After it's been sitting for more than an hour |
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Term
| What characteristics might a newborn's first voiding have? |
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Definition
| Pink-tinged with uric acid crystals |
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Term
| How often do newborns void, and what volume? |
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Definition
| 30-40 times per day, 15-30 mL each time |
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Term
| Average daily urine output for newborns? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's a common elimination problem for school-aged children |
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Definition
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Term
| Most common causes of urinary incontinence by gender? (Unique causes for men and women, and a common one for both) |
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Definition
Men: prostatic hypertrophy
Women: altered perineal muscles
Both: Loss of muscle tone in bladder, ureters and urethra |
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Term
| Which gender is more likely to experience urinary incontinence? |
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Definition
| Women, twice as much as men |
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Term
| True or false: Urinary incontinence is a normal/expected part of aging |
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Definition
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Term
| No. 1 influence for urinary elimination |
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Definition
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Term
| What are three ways that nutrition contributes to hydration/urinary elimination? |
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Definition
1) Salty foods
2) Watery foods
3) Foods that act as diuretics |
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Term
| Give some examples of foods that act as diuretics. |
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Definition
| Alcohol, coffee, tea, chocolate, cola |
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Term
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Definition
| Distention of renal pelvis with urine due to increased resistance from obstruction |
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Term
| Five examples of urine flow obstructions |
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Definition
1) structural abnormalities
2) renal stones
3) prostatic enlargement
4) tumors
5) hydronephrosis |
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Term
| Why is urinary retention a cause for UTIs? |
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Definition
| Urinary stasis provides great growth medium for bacteria |
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Term
| What are the two kind of lower UTIs? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two types of upper UTIs? |
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Definition
| Ureteritis and kidney pelvis inflammation |
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Term
| How many catheterized patients become infected? |
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Definition
| The longer the catheter is in place, the more likely an infection. About half of catheterized patients become infected within one week. |
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Term
| What urinary effect do medications with anticholinergic properties have? |
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Definition
| They cause urinary retention |
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Term
| What urinary effect do narcotics have? |
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Definition
| They decrease glomerular filtration |
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Term
| How soon should post-operative patients be able to void? |
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Definition
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Term
| Four reasons post-operative patients have difficulty urinating. |
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Definition
1) Low fluid
2) higher levels of ADH from stress
3) medications with urinary retention as side effect
4) anesthesia slows glomerular filtration rate |
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Term
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Definition
| Excessive voiding in absence of concurrent fluid intake (2500 - 3000 mL in 24 hours) |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased voiding, less than 500 mL in 24 hours |
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Term
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Definition
| Less than 100 mL of urine in 24 hours |
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Term
| Term for voiding during normal sleeping hours |
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Definition
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Term
| Terms for blood in urine and pus in urine |
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Definition
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Term
| Define stress incontinence |
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Definition
| Losing small amounts of urine (<50 mL) from increased pressure (sneezing, laughing, coughing) |
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Term
| Who would be the person most at risk for stress incontinence? |
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Definition
| A woman who is obese, postmenopausal, and has had multiple pregnancies |
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Term
| What is urge incontinence? |
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Definition
| Unable to hold urine once urge is felt |
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Term
| What is reflex incontinence? |
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Definition
| Loss of urine at predictable intervals when a certain volume of urine is reached. Person unable to sense bladder fullness because of neurological impairment. |
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Term
| What is functional incontinence? |
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Definition
| Not reaching the bathroom in time |
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Term
| What is total incontinence? |
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Definition
| Continuous, involuntary, unpredictable loss of urine from nondistended bladder |
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Term
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Definition
| Involuntary voiding with no underlying pathophysiology after an age bladder control should be reached day and night (4 or 5) |
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Term
| Which is more reliable in determining bladder distention, percussion or palpation? |
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Definition
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Term
| When doing a 24-hour urine specimen, what is done with the first voiding? |
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Definition
| It is discarded and then the clock starts. |
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Term
| Where exactly is urine from a catheter specimen taken? |
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Definition
| Via syringe in catheter port to maintain sterility, never from collection bag |
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Term
| What is a normal range for specific gravity of urine? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are two common blood tests that screen for kidney malfunction? |
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Definition
| Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the six possible nursing diagnoses related to urinary function? (hint: the five types of incontinence plus one more) |
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Definition
Stress incontinence
Reflex incontinence
Urge incontinence
Functional incontinence
Total incontinence
Urinary retention |
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Term
| List three important aspects of client teaching related to urinary function. |
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Definition
1) Water intake
2) Prevent UTIs by voiding every four hours, drinking sufficient water and knowing the symptoms
3) Pelvic floor exercises (Kegels) |
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Term
| What is the first line of defense for altered urinary function? |
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Definition
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Term
| List four lifestyle modifications one could make to promote urinary function. |
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Definition
Regulating fluid intake
Stop smoking
Control obesity
Preventing constipation |
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Term
| Differentiate the four types of scheduled voiding regimens. |
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Definition
1) Timed voiding: fixed schedule, usually every two hours
2) Prompted voiding: ask every two hours about urge
3) Habit retraining: tries to approximate usual voiding pattern
4) Bladder training: scheduled voiding starts every two hours and gradually increases to every four hours |
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Term
| What is the second line of defense for altered urinary function? |
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Definition
| Condom catheters and absorbent products |
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Term
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Definition
| Skin softening caused by continuous moisture |
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Term
| What has a higher risk for UTI: intermittent catheterization or an indwelling catheter? |
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Definition
| Indwelling. The longer a catheter is in, the higher the risk for infection. |
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Term
| Difference between straight catheter and Foley catheter? |
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Definition
Straight = single lumen
Foley = double lumen (one for urine, one to inflate balloon) |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a triple-lumen catheter? |
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Definition
| Simultaneous urine removal and bladder irrigation. |
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Term
| How often (minimum) should a urinary collection bag be emptied? |
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Definition
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Term
| After removal of an indwelling catheter, when is the first voiding expected? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is a suprapubic catheter more or less prone to UTI than a long-term indwelling catheter? |
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Definition
| UTIs less likely with suprapubic catheter. |
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Term
| Average daily urine output for age 2-5. |
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Definition
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Term
| Average daily urine output for age 5-8. |
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Definition
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Term
| Average daily urine output for age 8-14. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Intravenous pyelogram (uses dye to aid in visualizing urinary system) |
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Term
| What puts a client at risk for being allergic to dye used in IVP? |
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Definition
| Allergy to seafood or iodine. |
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Term
| Nursing considerations of someone preparing for an IVP? (4 of them) |
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Definition
| NPO, procedure done in morning, void right before procedure, assess for dye allergy |
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