Term
Cranial Nerves How many? arise? exit? lead to? |
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Definition
| 12 pairs of nerves that arise from the brain and exit through the skull foramina leading to muscles, glands and sense organs mostly in the head and neck |
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"Old Opie Occasionally Tries Trigonometry and feels very gloomy, vague, and hypoactive." "Some say marry money, but my brother says bad business marry money." |
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Nerve Number 1 Name Function What does damage cause? |
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Definition
Olfactory Nerve Carries impulses of smell from olfactory receptors to olfactory bulbs of the frontal lobe Damages causes the loss of the ability to smell Purely sensory nerve fiber |
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Optic Nerve Carries impulses from the retina to thalamus The optic nerves join each other in the middle cranial fossa to form the optic chiasm. Purely sensory Can cause severe loss of vision |
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| Six Extrinsic Muscles of the Eye |
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Definition
Superior Rectus
Inferior Rectus Medial Rectus Lateral Rectus Superior Oblique Inferior Oblique |
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Occulomotor Nerve This is a pure motor nerve. It provides somatic motor innervation to four of the extrinsic eye muscles: the superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, and the inferior oblique muscles. It also innervates the muscles of the upper eyelid and the intrinsic eye muscles (the pupillary eye muscle.) Levator palpebrae superioris, constricts pupil, focuses lens. |
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Trochlear Nerve The trochlear nerve provides somatic motor innervation to the superior oblique eye muscle.It is also a pure motor nerve fiber. |
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| Trigeminal Nerve The trigeminal is the largest cranial nerve . It provides sensory information from the face, forehead, nasal cavity, tongue, gums and teeth (touch, and temperature) and provides somatic motor innervation to the muscles of mastication or “chewing”. |
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| Three branches of the Trigeminal nerve |
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Definition
| This cranial nerve has 3 branches: the ophthalmic, maxillary and mandibular branches. |
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Abducens Nerve The abducens nerve carries somatic motor innervation the lateral rectus muscle. It is another pure motor nerve fiber |
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Facial Nerve The facial nerve carries somatic motor innervation to the many muscles for facial expression It carries sensory taste information from the anterior two thirds of the tongue |
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Nerve 8 Function two branches |
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Vestibulocochlear Nerve (Auditory Nerve) The vestibulocochlear nerve innervates the hair cell receptors of the inner ear. It carries vestibular information to the brain providing the sense of balance. It also carries information from the cochlea providing the sense of hearing. This cranial nerve branches into the Vestibular branch (balance) and the cochlear branch (hearing). It is pure sensory nerve fiber. |
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The glossopharyngeal nerve innervates the pharynx, the soft palate and the posterior one-third of the tongue. It carries sensory information (touch, temperature, and pressure) from the pharynx and soft palate. It carries taste sensation from the taste buds on the posterior one third of the tongue. It provides somatic motor innervation to the throat muscles involved in swallowing. It provides visceral motor innervation to the salivary glands. |
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Vagus Nerve Parasympathetic motor impulses to smooth muscle cells Carries sensory impulses to the brain from organs |
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(spinal) Accessory Nerve Carries motor impulses to the pharynx (swallowing) 2 neck muscles: sternocleidomastoid, and the trapezius |
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Hypoglossal Nerve Innervates the muscles of the tongue allows for speaking and swallowing |
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