Term
|
Definition
occulomotor
trochlear
abducen
hypoglossal |
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|
Term
| 2 nerves of volitional system |
|
Definition
1) cortex
2) cranial nerve nuclei |
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|
Term
| sensory and motor nuclei in brainstem devlop in what region? |
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Definition
motor (basilar)- midline
sensory (alar)- lateral |
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Term
| nevres that control extraoccular muscles of the eye |
|
Definition
occulomotor
trochlear
abducen |
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|
Term
| controls the movement of the tongue |
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Definition
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Term
| functional components of occulomotor |
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Definition
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Term
| GSE of occulomotor innervates? |
|
Definition
extraoccular muscles:
levator palpebri
superior rectus
inferior rectus
medial rectus
inferior oblique (up and out) |
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|
Term
| GVE of occulomotor innervates? |
|
Definition
papillary sphincter- constricts pupil
ciliary muscles- changes shape of lens |
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|
Term
| which nerves have a parasympathetic GVE componenet? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what nucleus gives rise to GVE component of occulomotor |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| postganglionic fibers of EW nucleus go to? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| odd behavior of ciliary muscle? |
|
Definition
when relaxed- lens elongates for distant viaion
when contracts- rounds up for near vision |
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|
Term
| 2 nucleus associated with occulomotor |
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Definition
occulomotor nuscleus- SVE
EW nucleus- GVE |
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|
Term
Where is occulomotor located?
EW nuclues? |
|
Definition
superior colliculus
ventral edge of periaqueductal gray in the rostral midbrain
EW- right next to occulomotor fibers join and exit in interpeduncular fossa |
|
|
Term
| columns of subnuclei project where? |
|
Definition
levator palpebrae- innervates both muscles on both sides
superior rectus- colum prjects contralateral eeye
medial rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus- column projects ipsilaterlly |
|
|
Term
| lesions of occulomotor would cause what kinds of problems |
|
Definition
Ptosis
Lateral subrismus
Diplopia
Mydrasis
impaired vertical movements |
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|
Term
|
Definition
"drooping eyelid"
levator palpebrae paralyzed |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| lazy eye- eye will not move laterally because lateral rectus is not effected |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| difficulty focusing eye- papillary sphincter and ciliary muscles not functioning properly |
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|
Term
| diagnositc test done on pt to test occulomotor nucleus |
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Definition
| papillary light relfex- shine light into eye, both pupils should constrict- consentual light relfex |
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|
Term
| pathway of occulomotor nucleus |
|
Definition
UMN cortex > cross midline> occulomotor nucleus > extraoccular muscles
crossed pathway |
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|
Term
|
Definition
UMN cortex > cross midline> EW nucleus > ciliary ganglian > papillary sphincter and ciliary muscle
crossed system |
|
|
Term
| borders of occulomotor nucleus |
|
Definition
medially- EW nucleus
laterally and inferiorly - MLF |
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|
Term
| Trochlear nerve functional components |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| movement of superior oblique |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| caudall midbrain (below occulomotor) at level of inferior colliculus |
|
|
Term
| what is unique about trochlear nerve pathway |
|
Definition
| only cranial nerve the exits on the posterior side of brainstem |
|
|
Term
| pathway of trochlear nerve |
|
Definition
UMN cortex > cross midline> trochlear nucleus >cross midline > superior oblique
double crossed system |
|
|
Term
| functional components of abducen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two bundles of fibers medial to abducen nucleus |
|
Definition
1) most medial- MLF
2) between MLF and nucleus- facial nerve fibers |
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|
Term
| facial nerves wraps around abducen is referred to as? what does it create? |
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Definition
| internal genu of facial nerve, it creates a bulge referred to as facial colliculus in the floor of the 4th ventricle |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Medial Strabisumus- cannot move affected eye from adduction past midposition |
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|
Term
|
Definition
same deficit:
ipsilateral caanot abduct eye past midposition
contralateral- cannot adduct eye past midposition |
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|
Term
| how occulomotor, trochlear, and abducen work together |
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Definition
| abducen nerve contains lateral rectus neurons and internuclear neurons |
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Term
| pathway of internucler neurons of abducen nerve |
|
Definition
ascend through MLF
internuclear neurons >cross midline at level of abducen nucleus > join MLF > ascend to occulomotor nucleus > synapse on medial rectus motor neurons |
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|
Term
| what would happen if you broke interconnection |
|
Definition
| opthalmaplegia- eye is wandering and not coordinated |
|
|
Term
| what would happen if you broke interconnection |
|
Definition
| opthalmaplegia- eye is wandering and not coordinated |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| UMN in cortex > cross midline > abducen nucleus > lateral rectus muscle |
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|
Term
| Hypoglossal functional components |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intrinsic muscles of the tongue
3 of 4 of extrinsic muscles of the tongue |
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|
Term
|
Definition
superior and inferior longitudinal (moves tip up and down, runs lenght of tongue)
vertical muscle (flattens and depresses, goes up and down in the tongue)
horizontal muscle (narros and lengthens, across tongue) |
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|
Term
| extrinsic tongue muscles innervate by hypoglossal |
|
Definition
hyoglossus (depresses and retracts, makes dorsum convex)
styloglossus (retraction and elevation)
genuglossus (inf- protrude, middlie- depress, superior- tip back and down) |
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|
Term
| location of hypoglossal nucleus |
|
Definition
| caudal to rostral medulla, adjacent to midline beneath 4th ventricle. |
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|
Term
| fibers of hypoglossal emerge where |
|
Definition
| ventrally between pyramid and olive |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| elevation formed beneath 4th ventricle adjacent to midlin3 |
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|
Term
|
Definition
UMN cortex > cross midline > hypoglossal nucleus > intrinsic/extrinsic muscles of tongue
crossed system |
|
|
Term
| unilateral lesion of hypoglossal |
|
Definition
| weakness on one side of tongue, will deviate towards effected ide when protruded |
|
|
Term
| unilateral lesion of hypoglossal |
|
Definition
| weakness on one side of tongue, will deviate towards effected ide when protruded |
|
|
Term
| bilateral lesion of hypoglossal |
|
Definition
| difficulty eating and speaking |
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Term
|
Definition
V-trigeminal
VII- facial
IX- glossopharyngeal
X- Vagus
XII- Spinal accesory |
|
|
Term
| functional components of trigeminal |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
great sensory nerve of the head (PITT, STVP)
derived from somites |
|
|
Term
| which branch is trigiminal derived from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Motor (SVE) innervations of trigeminal |
|
Definition
muscles of mastication: masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoid
tensor tympani ( tightens tympanic membrane and helps control sound)
tensor vali palentine (muscle in soft palate) |
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Term
|
Definition
| mesenphalic, chief sensory, spinal nuclei |
|
|
Term
| location of sensory trigeminal nuclei (GSA) |
|
Definition
mesencephalic (midbrain)
cheif sensory (pons)- lateral to motor nucleus
spinal (medulla) |
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|
Term
| level of mesencephalic in the midbrain |
|
Definition
| next to inferior colliculi |
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|
Term
| pathway of motor nuclei of trigeminal |
|
Definition
| UMN cortex > cross midline > trigiminal motor nuclei > muscles of masticstion/ tensor tympani, and tensor veli palentine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
sensation of half the face
difficulty hearing
voice would be course (soft palate helps shape mouth to shape sounds)
difficulty swallowing (soft palate helps create bolus of foos |
|
|
Term
| peripheral components of trigeminal (GSA) |
|
Definition
V1- opthalmic
V2- maxillary
V3- mandibular |
|
|
Term
| axons that exit pons laterally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GSA Pathway of trigeminal |
|
Definition
sensory receptor > trigeminal ganglia >one of the trigeminal nuclei > cross the midline > VPM > sesnory cortex of pstcentral gyrus
crossed system
2nd order neuron crosses the midline
divergin circuit |
|
|
Term
| mesencephalic nucleus receives sensory information from? |
|
Definition
| occulomotor, trochear, abducen |
|
|
Term
| what other nucleus will you find at the same level as chief sensory nuclei |
|
Definition
| abducens and facial fibers (facial colliculus) |
|
|
Term
| Spinal nucleus carries sensory information from which nerves? |
|
Definition
| facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus |
|
|
Term
| Functional components of facial nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| GSA sensation of facial nerve receives what type of sensory informtation? |
|
Definition
| sensation from skin of concha of the small auricle and from small patch of skin behind ear (middle ear infection, outside of ear hurts) |
|
|
Term
| GVA/SVA sensory information of facial nerve |
|
Definition
| works together to carry taste of anterior 2/3 or tongue (runs inside tymapnic membrane in chord of tympani |
|
|
Term
| SVE innervation of facial nerve |
|
Definition
muscles of facial expression
stapedius
posteior belly if digastrics
stylohyoid |
|
|
Term
| GVE innervation of facial nerve |
|
Definition
lacrimal gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland
mucous membrane of nasopharynx, hard and soft palate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
loss of facial expression on one side
no tearing
hypocustis
difficulty swallowing from lack of saliva |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| difference between UMN damage and LMN damage of facial nerve |
|
Definition
UMN- (innervates upper portion of face bilaterally and lower portion contralaterally) damage will cause weakness in lower face contralaterally
LMN- projects ipsilaterally, damage causes weakness of entire face ipsilaterally |
|
|
Term
| location of SVE nuclei of facial nerve |
|
Definition
| caudal pons through internal genu of facial nerve |
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|
Term
| SVE pathway of facial nerve |
|
Definition
| motor areas of cerebellum > crosses midline > facial nucleus > muscles of facial expression, stapedius, post belly of digastrics, stylohyoid |
|
|
Term
| GVE pathways of facial nerve |
|
Definition
| Motor area of cortex > hypothalmic autonomic fibers cross the midline > superior salvitory nucleus > sphenopalentine nucleus/ submandibular nucleus > lacrimal gland/ submandibular/ sublingual gland |
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|
Term
| GSA pathway for facial nerve |
|
Definition
| snesory receptors near the ear > spinal nucleus of trigeminal nucleus > cross the midline> VPM > sensory cortex |
|
|
Term
| GVA/SVA pathway of facial nerve |
|
Definition
| taste from ant 2/3 > soliatry nucleus > PBN (parabrachial nucleus) > VPM > sensory cortex |
|
|
Term
| where will we find facial nerve imbedded in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Functional components of glossopharyngeal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| SVE of gloosopharyngeal nerve innervates |
|
Definition
| stylopharyngeal muscle (elevates the larynx during swallowing) arches in back of mouth |
|
|
Term
| nucleus associated with SVE of glossopharyngeal nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| location of nucleus ambiguous |
|
Definition
| ventrolateral medulla, dorsal to and roughly coextensive with inferior olivary nucleus |
|
|
Term
| GVE innervation of glossopharyngela nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| nucleus associated with GVE of glosspharyngeal |
|
Definition
| inferior salvitory nucleus |
|
|
Term
| SVA/ GVA innervation of glossopharyngeal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| skin of external ear, internal surface of tympanic membrane, upper pharynx, posterior 1/3 tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| difficulty swallowing (gag reflex) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| motor area of cerrebellum > cross the midline > nucleus ambiguous > stylopharyngeal |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| motor area > cross the midline > inferior salviotry nucleus > otic ganglion > protid gland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sensory receptors > solitary nuclei > PBN > VPM > cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sensory receptor > spinal nucleus of V > cross the midline > VPM > sensory cortex |
|
|
Term
| functional compnents of vagus nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| voluntary muscles of pharynx, one extrinsic muscle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parasympathetic of visceral from left cholic flexur up |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sensory information from back of ear, external acoustis meadus, parts of external surface of tympanic membarne, and pharynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sesnory information > spinal nucleus of V > cross the midline > VPM > sensory cortex |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| motor cortex > cross the midline > nucleus ambiguous > constricot muscles of pharynx/ esophogus, larynx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Motor cortex > hypothalmic autonomic pathway > dorsal motor nuclei > enteric ganglia >thoeracic/abdomen viscera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
VII, IX, X
sits right next to hypoglossal nucleus in medulla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dorsal motor nucleus
lateral to hypoglossal nuclrus (vagal trigone) |
|
|
Term
| spinal accessory functional components |
|
Definition
SVE -cranial
GSE- spinal portion |
|
|
Term
| Spinal accesory spinal portion innervation? cranial portion? |
|
Definition
traps and SCM
muscles of larynx and pharynx |
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Term
|
Definition
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