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Definition
O:fibers arise from nasal olfactory epithelium and from synapses with olfactory bulbs, which transmit impulses to temporal lobe
F: Purely sensory; carries impulses for sense of smell
T: person is asked to sniff aromatic substances, such as oil of cloves and vanilla and identify them. |
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Term
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Definition
O: Fibers arise from retina of eye to form optic nerve, which passes through sphenoid bone; two optic nerves then from optic chiasma and eventually end in occipital cortex
F: purely sensory; carries impulses for vision
T: vision and visual field tested with an eye chart and by testing point at which person first sees an object (finger) moving into visual field; inside of eye is viewed with ophthalmoscope to observe blood vessels of eye interior |
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Term
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Definition
O: Fibers emerge from midbrain and exit from skull to run to eye
F: contains motor fibers to inferior oblique and to superior, inferior, and medial rectus extraocular muscles that direct eyeball; levator muscles of eyelid; smooth muscles of iris and ciliary body; and proprioception to brain from extraocular muscles.
T: Pupils examined for size, shape, and equality; pupillary reflex tested with a penlight; ability to follow moving objects |
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Term
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Definition
O: fibers emerge from posterior midbrain and exit from skull to run to eye
F: proprioceptor and motor fibers for superior oblique muscle of eye
T: tested in common with cranial nerve III relative to ability to follow moving objects |
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Term
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Definition
O: fibers emerge from pons and form three divisions that exit from skull and run to face cranial duramater
F: both motor and sensory for face; conducts sensory impulses from mouth, nose, surface of eye, and dura mater; also contains motor fibers that stimulate chewing muscles
T: sensations of pain, touch, and temperature tested with safety pin and hot and cold objects; corneal reflex tested with wisp of cotton; motor branch tested by asking subject to clench teeth, open mouth against resistance, and move jaw from side to side |
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Term
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Definition
O: fibers leave inferior pons and exit from skull to run to eye
F: contains motor fibers to lateral rectus muscle and proprioceptor fibers from same muscle to brain
T: tested in common with cranial nerve III relative to ability to move each eye laterally |
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Term
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Definition
O: fibers leave pons and travel through temporal bone to reach face
F: Mixed (1) supplies motor fibers to muscles of facial expression and to lacrimal and salivary glands and (2) carries sensory fibers from taste buds of anterior part of tongue
T: anterior two thirds of tongue tested for ability to taste sweet, salty, sour, and bitter substances; symmetry of face checked; subject asked to close eyes, smile, whistle, and so on; tearing tested with ammonia fumes |
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Term
| vestibulocochlear (acoustic) |
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Definition
O: fibers run from inner ear (hearing and equilibrium receptors in temporal bone) to enter brain stem just below pons
F: purely sensory; vestibular branch transmits impulses for sense of equilibrium; cochlear branch transmits impulses for sense of hearing
T: hearing checked by air and bone conduction by use of tuning fork; vestibular tests; Barany and caloric tests |
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Term
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Definition
O: fibers emerge from medulla and leave skull to run to throat
F: mixed (1) motor fibers serve pharynx (throat) and salivary glands, and (2) sensory fibers carry impulses from pharynx, posterior tongue (taste buds), and pressure receptors of carotid artery
T: Gag and swallow reflexes checked; subject asked to speak and cough; posterior one third of tongue may be tested for taste |
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Term
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Definition
fibers emerge from medulla, pass through skull, and descend through neck region into thorax and abdominal region
F: fibers carry sensory and motor impulses for pharynx; a large part of this nerve is parasympathetic motor fibers which supply smooth muscles of abdominal organs; receives sensory impulses from viscera |
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Term
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Definition
fibers arise from medulla and superior spinal cord and travel to muscles of neck and back.
F: provides sensory and motor fibers for sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles and muscles of soft palate, pharynx and larynx
T: Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles checked for strength by asking subject to rotate head and shrug shoulders against resistances |
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Term
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Definition
O: fibers arise from medulla exit from skull tot ravel to tongue
F: carries motor fibers to muscles of tongue and sensory impulses from tongue to brain.
T: subject asked to stick out tongue, and any position abnormalities are noted. |
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