Term
| Which cranial nerve is the largest? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cranial nerve is the only one that exits the "posterior" side of the brainstem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many cranial nerves are responsible for eye movements? |
|
Definition
| Three: CN III (Oculomotor), IV (Trochlear), and VI (Abducens) |
|
|
Term
| What does "abducens" refer to? |
|
Definition
| The abducens nerve carries motor impulses to the lateral rectus eye muscle which moves the eye laterally causing abduction of the eye. |
|
|
Term
| Which cranial nerves carry gustatory (taste) information? |
|
Definition
| CN VII (Facial), CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) and CN X (Vagus). |
|
|
Term
| Which cranial nerve is the longest? |
|
Definition
| CN X (Vagus) which reaches from the medulla to the digestive and urinary organs. |
|
|
Term
| What two cranial nerves carry sensory information about blood pressure to the brain? |
|
Definition
| CN IX (Glossopharyngeal) and CN X (Vagus). |
|
|
Term
| Which cranial nerve is responsible for pupillary constriction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Jim has an outward and downward deviation of his eye with ptosis of the eyelid and an ipsilateral dilated pupil. Which cranial nerve is responsible for this palsy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A common cold can affect which cranial nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Corneal drying, decreased salivation and anesthesia of the forehead and eyebrow are associated with which cranial nerve dysfunction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fractures of the temporal bone are specifically prone to damage which cranial nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 major divisions of the facial nerve? |
|
Definition
T -- temporal
Z -- zygomatic
B -- buccal
M -- mandibular
C -- cervical |
|
|
Term
| After the facial nerve leaves the skull through the stylomastoid foramen on the base of the skull, it immediately turns forward to enter the substance of what gland? and what does it give off? |
|
Definition
| Parotid Gland; while in this gland it gives off 5 major branches |
|
|
Term
| Name a nerve and branch of the nerve that enters deep in the buccal area where the buccal branches of the facial nerve are found. (Hint: it is a purely sensory branch) |
|
Definition
| Mandibular branch of Trigeminal Nerve (CN V) |
|
|
Term
| What does the mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve supply? |
|
Definition
| It supplies the mucous membrane inside the cheek and to the skin in this area. |
|
|
Term
| What can be seen crossing the masseter muscle on it way to penetrate the buccinator muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the parotid duct open up into? |
|
Definition
| the mouth opposite the upper 2nd molar tooth |
|
|
Term
| What does the parotid duct form in the oral cavity? |
|
Definition
| a small swelling (papilla) inside the oral cavity that can be easily seen. |
|
|
Term
| What are the names of the three pairs of major salivary glands of the head and neck? Where is the general area of each? |
|
Definition
Parotid Glands: in front of each ears
Submandibular glands: back of mouth on both sides of jaw
Sublingual glands: under floor of mouth |
|
|
Term
| What artery runs just above the parotid duct and is a branch of the superficial temporal artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the facial vein important clinically? (Hint: 2 points including direct connection and what can enter) |
|
Definition
1. It has a direct connection to ophthalmic vein & then to a deep venous sinus within the cranial cavity, the cavernous sinus
2. Bacteria can enter the facial vein and gain access to internal cranial structures resulting in infection there. (This is probably the reason our mothers always said not to squeeze our pimples.) |
|
|
Term
| What are the sensory nerves of the face? |
|
Definition
Terminal branches of the three divisions of the trigeminal nerve (cranial nerve V):
Ophthalmic, Maxillary, and Mandibular divions |
|
|
Term
| Name the branches of the ophthalmic division of the 5th cranial nerve. |
|
Definition
S- supratrochlear
L -lacrimal
I- infratrochlear
E- external nasal
S- supraorbital |
|
|
Term
| Name the branches of the Maxillary division of the 5th cranial nerve. |
|
Definition
Z- zygomaticofacial
I- infraorbital |
|
|
Term
| Name the branches of the mandibular branch of the 5th cranial nerve. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the makeup of the scalp is important clinically? |
|
Definition
| Trauma to the scalp is frequent and it is up to the clinician to determine by palpation and observation just how serious the trauma is. |
|
|
Term
| The scalp is made of what 5 layers? (Name in order of superficial to deep) |
|
Definition
S- Skin
C- Connective Tissue (dense)
A- Aponeurosis
L- Loose Connective Tissue
P- periosteum |
|
|
Term
| Which CN exit through cribiform plate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which CN exits through optic canal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which CN exits through superior orbital fissure? |
|
Definition
| CN 3 (oculomotor),4 (Trochlear),6 (Abducens) and 1st division of CN 5 (Ophthalmic division of trigeminal) |
|
|
Term
| Which CN exits through foramen rotundum? |
|
Definition
| 2nd division of CN 5 (maxillary division of trigeminal nerve) |
|
|
Term
| Which CN exits through Foramen Ovale? |
|
Definition
| 3rd division of CN 5 (Mandibular division of trigeminal) |
|
|
Term
| Which CN exits through the internal acoustic meatus? |
|
Definition
| CN 7 (facial), 8 (vestibulocochlear) |
|
|
Term
| Which CN exits through the jugular foramen? |
|
Definition
| CN 9 (glossopharyngeal), 10 (vagus), 11 (accessory) |
|
|
Term
| Which CN exits through the hypoglossal canal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sensory innervation of the face is primarily via which CN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Motor innervation to muscles of facial expression is through which CN? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Motor innervation to muscles of mastication is by which CN? (name nerve and division) |
|
Definition
| motor root of trigeminal nerve (CN V)/ the mandibular nerve |
|
|
Term
| What does cutaneous mean? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Innervation of scalp anterior to the auricles is by which branches of which CN? |
|
Definition
| All 3 divisions of trigeminal nerve (CN V1, CN V2, CN V3) |
|
|
Term
| Posterior to the auricles, innervation of the scalp is by which nerves? |
|
Definition
| spinal cutaneous nerve (C2 and C3) |
|
|
Term
| Describe the skin layer of the scalp |
|
Definition
| thick, hair-bearing --> numerous sweat & sebaceous glands |
|
|
Term
| Describe the 2nd layer of the scalp (immediately deep to the skin) |
|
Definition
| dense connective tissue composed of crisscrossing collagen & elastic fibers; richly vascularized and well supplied with nerves |
|
|
Term
| Describe the 3rd layer of the scalp |
|
Definition
Aponeurosis
strong membranous sheet (also called galea aponeurotica); connects fleshy bellies of frontalis and occipitalis muscles (epicranius m.) |
|
|
Term
| Which layer of the scalp is considered the "dangerous layer of the scalp" as it contains emissary veins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Descrive the innermost layer of the scalp. |
|
Definition
| Pericranium: periosteum of external surface of skull bones; continuous with endosteum of internal surface of skull bones at the sutures. |
|
|
Term
| What does aponeurosis mean? |
|
Definition
| flat end of muscle that becomes tendon. |
|
|
Term
| What can occur from brushing your hair really hard? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Skull cap"; the upper part of the cranium and surrounds the cranial cavity containing the brain. |
|
|
Term
| The tissue on top of the calvarium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the face begin? |
|
Definition
| Below the eyebrows; The forehead is not apart of the head. |
|
|
Term
| How many bones are there in the skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are all of the bones on the outside of the skull covered by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference of the skin on the scalp than the rest of the body? |
|
Definition
| It has hair follicles (numerous) ; acts as shock absorber to some extent and sebaceous cysts are more common than rest of body |
|
|
Term
| Which layer is all blood vessels and nerves of the scalp present in? |
|
Definition
| 2nd Layer (Dense Connective Tissue); this is why it is so dense because we need to protect these structures |
|
|
Term
| What will happen if there is a blood vessel injured in the 2nd layer of skull? |
|
Definition
| the cut ends of the blood vessel will remain open; this is why any injury to the skull you bleed profusely. Blood vessels cannot retract b/c they are in dense connective tissue & there are a lot of blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| Typically throughout most of the body (except the skull) what will blood vessels do if they are cut? |
|
Definition
| They will retract to minimize bleeding |
|
|
Term
| Are the blood vessels in the 2nd layer of the skull easy to injury? What happens when they are injured? |
|
Definition
| they are not easy to injury but when they are injured you will have extreme bleeding |
|
|
Term
| How many nerves supply the scalp? |
|
Definition
| 5 in front of ear, 5 behind the ear on each side (10 on each side); makes scalp sensitive |
|
|
Term
| Out of the nerves that supply the scalp, how many are sensory? motor? |
|
Definition
| 8 out of 10 nerves are sensory; 2 out of 10 nerves are motor...VERY SENSITIVE SCALP! |
|
|
Term
| What does the epicranial structure contain? |
|
Definition
| The frontal belly and occipital belly of the occipitofrontalis muscle that joins in the middle at the aponeurosis |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference cranial and skull? (besides spelling) |
|
Definition
the skull minus mandible is cranium
cranium has 21 bones
skull has 22 bones (there are 8 paired bones and 6 unpaired: 16 + 6 = 22) |
|
|
Term
| what is the function on the epicranial? |
|
Definition
| To move your skull anteroposteriorly |
|
|
Term
| What happens to the aponeurosis if you have laceration in your skull? |
|
Definition
| The skull would give because the front and bacak muscles would not be causing a stress in the epicranial aponeurosis from pulling in 2 different directions |
|
|
Term
| When you move the scalp, what parts are you actually moving? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are you able to move the first 3 layers of the scalp? |
|
Definition
| Because there is a space in the 4th layer (loose areolar tissue); it is below the 3rd layer. |
|
|
Term
| Why do we have a space in the 4th layer of the scalp? |
|
Definition
| To allow movement of the 1st 3 layers; without it you could not move your skull |
|
|
Term
| What do we call the veins that connect the extracranial veins with the intracranial veins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which layer has emissary veins that connect you veins of the scalp with the veins of the brain? |
|
Definition
| Layer 4 of scalp (loose connective/areolar tissue) |
|
|
Term
| If you have an infection in the scalp what veins will it pass through to go to your brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is layer 4 called the "dangerous layer" of scalp? |
|
Definition
| Because emissary veins run through this layer and if they rupture the 4th layer will fill with blood. |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between the 2nd layer and the 4th layer in regards to blood vessels and injuries? |
|
Definition
| When you have an injury in the 2nd layer your goign to bleed out (dangerous for bleeding); but if the infection enters into the 4th in can enter into the brain. |
|
|
Term
| Blood flow is always to area of high or low resistance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you see black in the upper eyelids bilaterally and there was blown force trauma to head, what does that tell you? |
|
Definition
| bleeding in 4th layer of scalp...b/c it continues down into the upper eyelids |
|
|
Term
| If you see blood in the upper eyelids unilaterally, what does that tell you? |
|
Definition
| may not be bleeding in 4th layer, possible just a blow to the eye. |
|
|
Term
| The pericranium dips into what and continues to where? |
|
Definition
| the suture ligament (space between sutures) of the skull and then continues on the inside (endosteal layer of meninges-dura mater) |
|
|
Term
| How many layers of dura mater are there in the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the names of the layers of dura mater in the brain? |
|
Definition
| endocranium layer (on the inside); and a deep layer, the actual dura mater. |
|
|
Term
| How many sutures are there in the skull? |
|
Definition
| 33 (normally - could have more or could have less, depends on if you have more bones in the skull called sutural bones) |
|
|
Term
| If you have bleeding deep to the pericranium but on top of the skull bone, can hematoma (blood clot) spread to different parts of your head? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is pericranium attached directly to bone? |
|
Definition
| No there is a small space in between and sutural ligament on all sides of the bone |
|
|
Term
| If you see a bump expanding on 1 part of your head, but not the other areas of head, where is the bleeding occurring at? |
|
Definition
| It is deep to the pericranium and bone |
|
|
Term
| Describe the difference of waht happens with bleeding in layer 4 vs. layer 5 of scalp. |
|
Definition
Layer 4 bleeding is all over scalp and gets into upper eyelid (all over)
deep to layer 5, bleeding is going to be restricted to that bone b/c you cannot cross sutural lines |
|
|
Term
| A benign condition somtimes seen 2nd to birth trauma which ruptures small arteries and bleeding is present between pericranium and calvaria (skull cap). Often see over 1 parital bone (unilateral) |
|
Definition
| cephalhematoma (bleeding in layer 5) |
|
|
Term
Baby was pulled out with forceps and you see a swelling on occipital bone on one side; CT shows bleeding is outside the cranium (meaning in the scalp)
hematoma is not crossing suture lines
where is the bleeding? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do superficial scalp lacerations tend not to gap? |
|
Definition
| Because the epicranial aponeurosis dose not allow wide separation of the skin |
|
|
Term
| If the 3rd layer of scalp is lacerated what will you see? |
|
Definition
| wide gaping that will show layer 5 (pericardium) through layer 4 which is loose space. |
|
|
Term
| Describe scalp infections and its pathway. |
|
Definition
| Layer 4-->pus/blood spreads easily into it --> infection can spread into cranial cavity through emissary veins and reach meninges |
|
|
Term
| Someone who has 2 black eyes (periorbital ecchymosis or raccoons eyes) and some bleeding in the forehead was most likely caused by what? |
|
Definition
| Injury to head that resulted in bleeding in the 4th layer of scalp |
|
|
Term
| What do you call a network of blood vessels? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many arteries are there on each side of the scalp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the arteries on the scalp anterior to posterior |
|
Definition
1.supratrochlear
2.supraorbital
3.superficial temporal
4.posterior auricular
5.occipital arteries |
|
|
Term
| What arteries are branches of ophthalmic |
|
Definition
| supratrochlear and supraorbital arteries |
|
|
Term
| What arteries are branches of external carotid artery? |
|
Definition
| superficial temporal, posterior auricular and occipital arteries |
|
|
Term
| What is a branch of internal carotid artery that branches into the first two arteries in the scalp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In what layer of scalp do the internal and external carotid arteries anastomose? |
|
Definition
| layer 2: dense connective tissue |
|
|
Term
| If internal carotid artery is blocked, how will blood flow occur? |
|
Definition
| blood from 3, 4, and 5 arteries will go through anastomosis into 1 and 2 arteries and then back into internal carotid artery. |
|
|
Term
| Why do we have anastomosis in our bodies? |
|
Definition
| To help passageways in case of a block somewhere in our body; they provide collateral circulation |
|
|
Term
| What do we call arteries that do not have any anastomosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do we have end arteries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you see the blood vessels of scalp enlarged when you open the patient up what does this mean? |
|
Definition
| either the internal or external carotid artery has become narrow and the other is compensating for it. |
|
|
Term
| All nerve branches that we see in front of the ear are from what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the names of the nerves in front of the auricle? what are they supplied by? |
|
Definition
1.supratrochlear nerve
2.supraorbital nerve
3.zygomaticotemporal nerve
4.auriculotemporal nerve
5.temporal nerve
1-4 are supplied by CN 5 (sensory); temporal branch is of CN 7 (motor) |
|
|
Term
| What are the names of the nerves behind the auricle? what are they supplied by? |
|
Definition
1.Greater auricular n
2.Lesser occipital n.
3.Greater occipital n.
4.Third occipital n.
5.Posterior Auricular n.
1-4 are branches of cervical plexus (sensory); post. auricular branch is of CN 7 (motor) |
|
|
Term
| All sensory nerves in front of the ear are branches of what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| All sensory nerves behind the ear are branches of what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the motor nerves in front of and behind the ear? what are they supplied by? |
|
Definition
Front: temporal branch; Behind: posterior auricular branch
both branches of Facial nerve |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the line connecting 1 ear to the other on top of the head? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymph and venous blood will always go where? |
|
Definition
| the nearest point of drainage |
|
|
Term
| If you have infection just above the ear lymph nodes will it first go to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you have infection just behind the ear lymph nodes will it first go to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the face begin at? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the sensory innervation nerve of the face? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve is the motor innervation of the face? (muscle movements) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve supplies the skin of face up to the upper eye lids and tip of nose? |
|
Definition
| ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve |
|
|
Term
| What nerve supplies the lower eye lids to upper lip? |
|
Definition
| maxillary division of trigeminal nerve |
|
|
Term
| What nerve supplies the lower lip to the lower part of the jaw/mandible and chin? |
|
Definition
| mandibular division of trigeminal nerve |
|
|
Term
| The only motor division of trigeminal nerve is what? what muscles does it supply? |
|
Definition
| mandibular division; muscles of mastication (chewing) |
|
|
Term
| Facial expressions are supplied by what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Branches superficial to the muscles are part of what nerve? why? |
|
Definition
| trigeminal nerve; because they are supplying the skin |
|
|
Term
| Which CN are parasympathetic? through which nerve do these fibers travel along to reach the entire head? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In addition to supplying skin, what is trigeminal nerve good for? |
|
Definition
| extensions of other nerves to cover the entire head. |
|
|
Term
| Infraorbital nerve is a continuation of what nerve? |
|
Definition
| maxillary division of trigeminal nerve |
|
|
Term
| If the infraorbital nerve is anesthetized, what areas will be anesthetized? |
|
Definition
| this nerve, below eye lid, lateral part of nose and upper lip |
|
|
Term
| How do you perform a infraorbital nerve block? |
|
Definition
| To get to infraorbital foramen, elevate upper lip and infiltrate anesthesia while passing needle through junction of oral mucosa and gingiva at the superior aspect of the oral vestibule. |
|
|
Term
| What is the infraorbital nerve block used for? |
|
Definition
| to repair maxillary incisor teeth and to treat wounds of upper lip and cheek |
|
|
Term
| Where do you inject for mental nerve block? |
|
Definition
| close to the mental foramen (chin) |
|
|
Term
| What is the mental nerve block used for? |
|
Definition
| repair of chin or lower lip wounds / cancer of lower lip |
|
|
Term
| What is trigeminal neuralgia? |
|
Definition
| Sensory disorder of sensory root of CN V |
|
|
Term
| Trigeminal neuralgia: most frequent involvement of trigeminal divisions? |
|
Definition
| V2 (most commonly formed in), V3, V1 |
|
|
Term
| If patient comes in with pain all over the face where would you do the nerve block? |
|
Definition
| in the ganglion, not a specific division of trigeminal nerve b/c it is all over the face and not in just a specific area. |
|
|
Term
| Sudden attacks of excruciating facial pain(paroxysms) that can be set off by touching face especially in trigger zone is known as what disorder? |
|
Definition
| Trigeminal neurolgia(tic douloureaux) |
|
|
Term
| What causes trigeminal neuralgia? |
|
Definition
| demyelination of axons of nerve caused by pressure of an aberrant artery |
|
|
Term
| If pain in the face was only around the cheek and upper lip where would you treat and how? |
|
Definition
| Its the maxillary division (V2), so block the infra-orbital nerve with alcohol for cutting nerve branches and sectioning sensory root |
|
|
Term
| What division is herpes zoster infection most common in? |
|
Definition
| Ophthalmic division of trigeminal nerve |
|
|
Term
| What does herpes zoster infection result in? and what is it an eruption of? |
|
Definition
| scarring of cornea and corneal ulcers; groups of vesicles along the nerve's course |
|
|
Term
| What type of nerve is facial nerve? |
|
Definition
| mixed and parasympathetic nerve |
|
|
Term
| Facial nerves supplies what? |
|
Definition
| muscles of face and lacrimal gland (happy = smile / sad = crying) |
|
|
Term
| Where is the embryological origin of facial muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the location of facial muscles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the origin and insertion of facial muscles? |
|
Definition
| bone of skull to skin of face |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of facial muscles? |
|
Definition
| sphincter or dilators of orifices of face / protect openings of face / enable change of facial expression to convey mood |
|
|
Term
| Name Muscles of the Forehead. |
|
Definition
Frontalis (Frontal belly of the muscle epicranius)
Corrugator supercilli |
|
|
Term
| Name Muscles around the eye lids |
|
Definition
Orbicularis occuli
Orbital part
Palpebral part
Lacrimal part |
|
|
Term
| Name Muscles around the mouth |
|
Definition
Levator labii superioris
Levator labii superioris alaque nasi
Levator anguli oris
Orbicularis oris
Buccinator
Depressor anguli oris
Zygomaticus major
Zygomaticus minor
Depressor labii inferioris
Risorius
Mentalis
Platysma |
|
|
Term
| Name Muscles around the ear |
|
Definition
Auricularis anterior
Auricularis superior
Auricularis posterior |
|
|
Term
| What part of your eye do you use to gently close your eyelids? |
|
Definition
| palpebral part of orbicularis oculi |
|
|
Term
| What part of your eye do you use to tightly close your eyelids? |
|
Definition
| orbital part of orbicularis oculi |
|
|
Term
| What part of the eye aids in drainage of tears? |
|
Definition
| lacrimal part of orbicularis oculi |
|
|
Term
| Main functions of frontal belly occipitofrontalis. |
|
Definition
| elevates eyebrows, wrinkles forehead, look of surprise |
|
|
Term
| Main functions of orbicularis oculi |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Main functions of corrugator supercilii |
|
Definition
| concern/worry, wrinkles above nose |
|
|
Term
| Main functions of Procerus and nasalis |
|
Definition
| dislike; wrinkles skin over dorsum nose |
|
|
Term
| Main functions of Nasalis (alar part) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Main functions of orbicularis oris |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Main functions of buccinator |
|
Definition
| compresses cheeks when blowing; keeps cheeks taut |
|
|
Term
| Main functions of Zygomaticus major/minor |
|
Definition
| unilateral(sneer); bilateral(disdain) |
|
|
Term
| Main functions of Risorius |
|
Definition
| Depresses labial commisures |
|
|
Term
| Main functions of Mentalis |
|
Definition
| protrudes lower lip and elevates skin of chin; showing doubt |
|
|
Term
| Main functions of Platysma |
|
Definition
| tenses skin of inferior face and neck; conveys grimace/stress |
|
|
Term
| Motor nerves to muscles of facial expressions are supplied by what nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Motor nerves to muscles of mastication( masseter, temporalis, medial and lateral pterygoids) supplied by what nerve? |
|
Definition
| motor branch of mandibular (V3) of trigeminal nerve |
|
|
Term
| What are the sensory nerves to the muscles of facial expression? |
|
Definition
| CN V 1, 2 and sensory component of 3 |
|
|
Term
| What is the course of CN VII? |
|
Definition
| Emerges from junction of pons and medulla as mixed nerve> traverses posterior cranial fossa>internal acoustic meatus>facial canal(gives rise to greater petrosal nerve, n to stapedius, chorda tympani n)>stylomastoid foramen of temporal bone (immediately gives off post auricular n)>forms parotid plexus>5 terminal branches of facial nerve |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 branches of the facial nerve? |
|
Definition
| Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Mandibular, and Cervical |
|
|
Term
| If you cannot lift your eyebrows and move the upper eyelid which branch of facial nerve is affected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you cannot move the lower eyelid and muscle right underneath, which branch of facial nerve is affected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you cannot speak normally without the mouth going to one side, which branch of facial nerve is affected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you cannot depress your lower lip (frown), which branch of facial nerve is affected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you cannot raise the skin of your neck, which branch of facial nerve is affected? |
|
Definition
| Cervical branch (platysma) |
|
|
Term
| The facial nerve runs through what gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If someone has surgery to the parotid gland what nerve might be affected? why? |
|
Definition
| facial nerve, because they are extremely small in this part of the body |
|
|
Term
| Name a structure you are not born with but develop at about 18 months old. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the complete paralysis of the facial nerve called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 features that you see of Bell's Palsy? |
|
Definition
| eye unable to close, no wrinkles on forehead, facial muscles are flat/flabby and paralyzed (atrophy) and corner of mouth is lower with saliva coming out. |
|
|
Term
| Where can you feel the pulse of the facial artery? |
|
Definition
| Where the anterior border of masseter muscle meets the mandible |
|
|
Term
| Why it is clinically important to know where the facial artery is? |
|
Definition
| If you are bleeding, you need to compress the area between the anterior border of masseter muscle and mandible to stop bleeding. |
|
|
Term
| The two veins join together to drain into the retromandibular vein? |
|
Definition
| superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein |
|
|
Term
| What does the retromandibular vein divide into? |
|
Definition
| Posterior and Anterior divisions |
|
|
Term
| The Anterior division of retromandibular vein and facial vein join together to form what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the common facial vein drain into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The posterior division of retromandibular vein joins with posterior auricular vein to drain into what vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the external jugular vein drain into? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The facial vein goes into what part of eye? and connects with what vein? which goes into what sinus? |
|
Definition
| medial part of eye; superior ophthalmic vein; cavernous sinus (one of the meningeal sinus) |
|
|
Term
| Why it is clinically important if there is an infection in the facial vein? |
|
Definition
| It can go up through facial vein to meninges via ophthalmic veins and cavernous sinus |
|
|
Term
| What area of the face is considered the "dangerous area" and why? |
|
Definition
| The skin bounded by lines connecting the root of the nose and the angles of the mouth; we use these veins to squeeze this area of our face and then infection can go up into the cavernous sinus |
|
|
Term
| If infection is at lower part of mandible, where will it go? |
|
Definition
| it will go down into the common facial vein (not as bad as going to meninges through cavernous sinus) |
|
|
Term
| Lymph comes out of blood, if it doesn't go back to blood what will you have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What size is a normal lymph node? |
|
Definition
| smalle (size of a head of a pen) |
|
|
Term
| If you see and feel a lymph node, what does this mean? |
|
Definition
| It is enlarged and there is an infection. |
|
|
Term
| Cancer cells can spread through what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are there any lymph nodes in the scalp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lymph from face and scalp drain into what? And all lymphatic vessels directly or indirectly drain into what? |
|
Definition
| superficial ring (pericervical collar); deep cervical lymph nodes (along internal jugular vein) |
|
|
Term
| Lymph that drained into deep cervical lymph nodes will then drain into what? (specify for Lt and Rt if any difference) |
|
Definition
| 1. into jugular lymphatic trunks -> Lt. into thoracic duct and Rt. into Rt. lymphatic duct |
|
|
Term
| What do you cal the collection of all the lymph nodes that gather together at the neck? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the pericervical lymph nodes from anterior to posterior. |
|
Definition
| Submental (midline behind chin), submandibular, parotid (pre auricular), mastoid (post auricular), occipital |
|
|
Term
| Cancer cells from center lip will go to which lymph node? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cancer cells from lateral lower lip will go to which lymph nodes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between how a lymph node feels with cancerous cells vs. infected cells? |
|
Definition
| cancerous = hard; infected = soft |
|
|
