Term
| What are the two divisions of CN VIII (vestibulocochlear n.) and what are their primary functions? |
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Definition
| Cochlear n. - information from the cochlea for audition, Vestibular n. - information from vestibular apparatus regarding position and movement of the head for equilibrium |
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Term
| Where does CN VIII (vestibulocochlear n.) emerge from the brain? |
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Definition
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Term
| CN VIII (vestibulocochlear n.) enters the petrous temporal bone via what opening? |
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Definition
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Term
| Fascicles of the cochlear nerve enter the cochlea through what part? What do the fascicles travel to? |
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Definition
| Enter at the modiolus, travels to the base of the spiral lamina |
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Term
| Bipolar cochlear neurons are housed in what location? |
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Definition
| Spiral ganglia within the bony modiolus |
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Term
| Distal processes of the cochlear neurons travel to what location to synapse with hair cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cell bodies of bipolar vestibular neurons are found in what location? What are they called? |
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Definition
| Vestibular ganglion found within the distal part of the internal acoustic meatus |
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Term
| CN IX and X (glossopharyngeal and vagus n.) exit the brain at what location? |
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Definition
| Anterolateral aspect of the medulla oblongata in the caudal brainstem behind the olivary eminence |
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Term
| CN IX and X (glossopharyngeal and vagus) exit the skull via what opening? |
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Definition
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Term
| CN IX (glossopharyngeal n.) receives GSA innervation from what source? |
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Definition
| External ear via auricular n. |
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Term
| CN IX (glossopharyngeal n.) receives GVA and GSA innervation from what sources? |
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Definition
| GVA from carotid body, carotid sinus, posterior 1/3 of tongue, pharynx, pharyngotympanic tube, and tympanic cavity, GSA from posterior 1/3 of tongue for taste |
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Term
| What are the sensory ganglia associated with CN IX (glossopharyngeal n.)? Where are they located? |
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Definition
| Superior and inferior petrosal ganglia of CN IX, found as CN IX exits the jugular foramen |
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Term
| What type of afferents cell bodies are found in the superior and inferior ganglia of CN IX? |
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Definition
| GSA and GVA/SVA respectively |
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Term
| What are the branches of CN IX (glossopharyngeal n.) |
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Definition
| Tympanic n., carotid sinus n., pharyngeal branches, nerve to stylopharyngeus, tonsilar branches, lingual branches |
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Term
| What is the function of the tympanic nerve? |
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Definition
| Branches from CN IX (glossopharyngeal), supplies parasympathetic innervation to the otic ganglion which relays the signal to the parotid gland, provides sensory afferents to the tympanic cavity |
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Term
| What forms the pharyngeal plexus of nerves? |
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Definition
| Branches from CN IX (sensory), CN X (motor), and the sympathetic cervical trunk (vasomotor) |
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Term
| What is the only muscle that receives SVE motor innervation from CN IX (glossopharyngeal n.)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What branch of CN IX (glossopharyngeal) provides GVA sensory and SVA taste sensory innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the sensory ganglion associated with CN X (vagus n.)? Where are they located? |
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Definition
| Superior (jugular) and inferior (nodose) ganglia below the jugular foramen |
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Term
| What type of innervation are the sensory ganglia associated with CN X (vagus) responsible for? |
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Definition
| GSA from superior jugular via auricular n. and GVA/SVA from inferior nodose ganglia |
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Term
| What does the vagus travel within as it traverses the neck? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the branches of CN X (vagus) within the head and neck region? |
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Definition
| Meningeal, auricular, pharyngeal (gives off nerve to carotid body), superior laryngeal, cervical cardiac, and recurrent laryngeal nerves |
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Term
| What branches arise from the superior vagal ganglion? |
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Definition
| Meningeal and auricular branches |
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Term
| What is the function of the meningeal branch of CN X (vagal n.)? |
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Definition
| Re-enters the cranium via the jugular foramen to provide GSA sensory innervation to the dura mater of the posterior cranial fossa |
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Term
| What is the function of the auricular branch of CN X (vagal n.)? |
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Definition
| Receives communicating branch from CN IX, enters mastoid canaliculus and emerges from the tympanomastoid fissure to provide GSA sensory innervation to the external ear and tympanic membrane |
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Term
| What is the function of the pharyngeal branch of CN X (vagal n.)? |
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Definition
| Arises from the inferior vagal ganglion and provides SVE motor to muscles of the soft palate (except tensor veli palatini) and the pharynx (except stylopharyngeus). Also contributes to the pharyngeal plexus |
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Term
| What is the function of the superior laryngeal nerve? |
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Definition
| Arises from inferior vagal ganglion to provide GVA sensory and SVA taste to extreme root of the tongue and epiglottis, GSE motor to the inferior pharyngeal constrictor and cricothyroid muscle |
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Term
| What are the branches given off by the superior laryngeal nerve? |
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Definition
| Internal branch (sensory to root of tongue, epiglottis, and larynx above the vocal folds) and external branch (motor to cricothyroid muscle and inferior constrictor) |
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Term
| What is the function of the cervical cardiac branches of CN X (vagal n.)? |
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Definition
| Preganglionic parasympathetic GVE innervation to the cardiac plexus |
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Term
| What is the function of the recurrent laryngeal nerve given off by CN X (vagal n.)? |
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Definition
| Sensory GSA to larynx below the vocal folds, SVE motor to all intrinsic muscles of the larynx )except circothyroid |
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Term
| What do the recurrent laryngeal nerves wrap around? |
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Definition
| Right around first segment of subclavian artery, left around aortic arch and ligamentum arteriosum |
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Term
| What part of CN XI (accessory n.) joins CN X (vagus n.) superior to the inferior vagal ganglion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the cranial root of CN XI (accessory n.)? |
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Definition
| Contributes SVE fibers to pharyngeal and recurrent laryngeal branches |
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Term
| What is the origin of the spinal root of CN XI (accessory n.)? |
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Definition
| Spinal cord-medullary junction to C5 or C6 |
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Term
| Where does the spinal root of CN XI (accessory n.) exit the cranium? What does it innervate? |
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Definition
| Jugular foramen, provides GSE motor to sternocleidomastoid muscle and trapezius muscle |
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Term
| What is the function of CN XII (hypoglossal n.)? |
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Definition
| GSE motor to all the muscles of the tongue except the platoglossus. |
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Term
| Where does CN XII (hypoglossal n.) emerge from the brain? |
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Definition
| Between the pyramid and olivary eminence of the medulla oblongata |
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Term
| Where does CN XII (hypoglossal n.) exit the cranium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is innervated by CN XII (hypoglossal n.)? |
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Definition
| Meningeal branch receives GSA sensory from the dura of the posterior cranial fossa, terminal branch innervates styloglossus, hyoglossus, genioglossus, and intrinsic tongue muscles |
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