Airway

Slightly past the neutral position

How far do you tilt an infant’s head to open the airway?

On the brachial artery.

1. Place one hand on the infant’s forehead

2. And two fingers of the other hand on the inside of the upper arm, between the infant’s elbow and shoulder.

Using a Bag-Valve-Mask Resuscitator (Two Rescuers)

Adult:

1. When using a BVM, how often should you give rescue breaths?

A rescuer should give 1 breath about every 5 seconds.

Using a Bag-Valve-Mask Resuscitator (Two Rescuers)

Child:

1. How far do you tilt the child’s head to open the airway?

Using a Bag-Valve-Mask Resuscitator (Two Rescuers)

Child:

When using a BVM, how often should you give rescue breaths?

Using a Bag-Valve-Mask Resuscitator (Two Rescuers)

Infant:

1. How far do you tilt an infant’s head to open the airway?

To the neutral position

Using a Bag-Valve-Mask Resuscitator (Two Rescuers)

Infant:

2. When using a BVM, how often should you give rescue breaths?

A rescuer should give 1 breath about every 3 seconds.

Conscious Choking—Adult and Child

Adult:

To give back blows or abdominal thrusts, where would you position yourself?

1. Stand behind the victim

2. Depending on the size of the rescuer and victim, it may be necessary to place one foot in between the victim’s legs to brace yourself for support in the event the victim loses consciousness.

Conscious Choking—Adult and Child

Adult:

 What if the victim is obviously pregnant, known to be pregnant or too large to reach around?

Give 5 chest thrusts instead of abdominal thrusts. For a conscious choking victim who is obviously pregnant or known to be pregnant, position your hands slightly higher on the victim’s chest.

Conscious Choking—Adult and Child

Child:

For a child, from whom would you obtain consent to give care?

A parent or guardian

Conscious Choking—Adult and Child

Child:

 To give back blows or abdominal thrusts, where would you position yourself?

Stand or kneel behind the child, depending on his or her size.

Conscious Choking—Adult and Child

Child:

 When giving back blows or abdominal thrusts, what is one key item about the amount of force to use to keep in mind?

Use less force when giving back blows and abdominal thrusts to a child. Using too much force may cause internal injuries.

Unconscious Choking—Adult and Child

Adult:

If the first 2 rescue breaths do not make the chest clearly rise, what is your next step?

Unconscious Choking—Adult and Child

                 How far do you compress the chest of an adult?

About 1 1 /2 to 2 inches

Unconscious Choking—Adult and Child

 What if the adult is obviously pregnant or known to be pregnant?

If the victim is obviously pregnant or known to be pregnant, adjust your hand position to be slightly higher on the chest.

Unconscious Choking—Adult and Child

Adult:

 If you see the object, how do you remove it from the victim’s mouth?

Remove the object with your index finger by sliding it along the inside of the cheek, using a hooking motion to sweep the object out.

Unconscious Choking—Adult and Child

Child:

1. If the first 2 rescue breaths do not make the chest clearly rise, what is your next step?

Reposition the airway by retilting the child’s head.

Unconscious Choking—Adult and Child

Child:

How far do you compress the chest of a child?

About 1 to 1 1 /2 inches

Unconscious Choking—Adult and Child

Child:

If you see the object, how do you remove it from the child’s mouth?

Remove the object with your little finger by sliding it along the inside of the cheek, using a hooking motion to sweep the object out.

CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Adult:

 How far do you compress the chest of an adult?

About 1 1 /2 to 2 inches

CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Adult:

What if the adult is obviously pregnant or known to be pregnant?

If the victim is obviously pregnant or known to be pregnant, adjust your hand position to be slightly higher on the chest.

CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Adult:

 What is the correct way to place your hands to give compressions for an adult?

Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest. Place the other hand on top.

CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Child:

How far do you tilt the child’s head to open the airway?

Slightly past the neutral position

CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Child:

How far do you compress the chest of a child?

About 1 to 1 1 /2 inches

CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Child:

 What is the correct way to place your hands to give compressions for a child?

Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest. Place the other hand on top.You can also use one hand to compress the chest of c hild. If you are using one hand, place one hand on the center of the chest and the other hand on the child's forehead.

CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Infant

 How far do you compress the chest of an infant?

About 1/2 to 1 inch

CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Infant:

2. What is the correct way to place your hands to give compressions for an infant?

1. Put 2 or 3 fingers on the center of the chest just below the nipple line.

2. Keep one hand on the infant's forehead to maintain an open airway.

What is the rate of compressions for an adult,

child, and infant?

The rate of compressions for any age of victim is about 100 per minute. 30 compressions should take about 18 seconds. 15 compressions should take about 9 seconds.

Two-Rescuer CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Adult:

How far do you compress the chest of an adult?

About 1 1 /2 to 2 inches

Two-Rescuer CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Adult:

2. What if the adult is obviously pregnant or known to be pregnant?

If the victim is obviously pregnant or known to be pregnant, adjust your hand position to be slightly higher on the chest.

Two-Rescuer CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Adult:

What is the ratio of compressions to breaths for an adult in two rescuer CPR?

30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths

Two-Rescuer CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Adult:

 The two rescuers should change positions regularly. When?

Do about 2 minutes of compressions and breaths, then change positions. This would be about 5 cycles for an adult.

Two-Rescuer CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Child:

How far do you tilt the child’s head to open the airway?

Slightly past the neutral position

Two-Rescuer CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Child:

2. How far do you compress the chest of a child?

About 1 to 1 1 /2 inches

Two-Rescuer CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Child:

 What is the ratio of compressions to breaths for a child in two rescuer CPR?

15 compressions and 2 rescue breaths

Two-Rescuer CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Child:

The two rescuers should change positions regularly. When?

1. Do about 2 minutes of compressions and breaths, then change positions.

2. This would be about 9 cycles for a child.

Two-Rescuer CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Infant:

1. What is the correct hand position for two rescuer CPR compressions on an infant?

1. Place your thumbs next to each other on the center of the chest just below the nipple line.

2. Place both hands underneath the infant's back and support the back with your fingers.

Two-Rescuer CPR—Adult, Child and Infant

Infant:

 What is the ratio of compressions to breaths for a infant in two rescuer CPR?

15 compressions and 2 rescue breaths

AED—Adult and Child

Adult:

1. Where do you attach the AED pads for an adult?

Place one pad on the victim’s upper-right chest and the other pad on the lower-left side.

AED—Adult and Child

Child:

Where do you attach the AED pads for a child?

1. Place one pediatric pad on the child’s upper-right chest and the other pad on the lower-left side.

2. Make sure the pads are not touching.

3. If the pads risk touching, place them in the anterior/posterior position:

a. Place one pad on the child’s chest  

b. other pad on the back, between the shoulder blades.

1. As you assist the person in breathing, keep an eye on his chest. As you assist the person in breathing, keep an eye on his chest.

2. Try not to over-inflate the victim's lungs as this may force air into the stomach, causing him to vomit. If this happens, turn the person's head to the side and sweep any obstructions out of the mouth before proceeding.

3. Give two full breaths. Between each breath allow the victim's lungs to relax

4.If the victim remains unresponsive (no breathing, coughing or moving), check his circulation

1. In order to determine if the victim's heart is beating, place two fingertips on his carotid artery

located in the depression between the windpipe and the neck muscles.

2.If there is no pulse then the victim's heart is not beating, and you will have to perform chest compressions.

How do you locate correct position for performing chest compressions?

1. Place two fingers at the sternum (the spot where the lower ribs meet)

2. Put the heel of your other hand next to your fingers

How do you perform compressions?

1. Place one hand on top of the other and interlace the fingers

2.Lock your elbows and using your body's weight, compress the victim’s chest.

3.remember: 2 hands, 2 inches

compressions should be approximately 1½ to 2 inches

What should you do if you  feel a pulse but the victim is still not breathing?

rescue breaths should be administered

1. What is the first CPR step?

What is the second CPR step?

2. Call 9-1-1.

What is the third CPR step?

3. Remember your A-B-C:

• Airway: tilt the head back and lift the neck to clear the airway.
• Breathing:  Give 2 breaths, watching for the chest to rise with each breath.
• Circulation: if there is no pulse, perform 30 chest compressions - 2 hands, 2 inches.

What is the fourth CPR step?

4. Check for pulse and if necessary perform the cycle again

What are your A-B-C's?

A: Airway

Tilt the head back and lift the neck to clear the airway.

B: Breathing

Give 2 breaths, watching for the chest to rise with each breath.

C: Circulation

 If there is no pulse, perform 30 chest compressions - 2 hands, 2 inches.

• Someone calls 9-1-1 if a phone is available
• Someone retrieves the AED if one is available
• Someone checks for breathing and circulation and begins CPR if needed

Using an AED

If there are only 2 people...

1. one person calls 9-1-1 and gets the AED 

2. the second begins CPR

Using an AED

If you are all alone...

Using an AED

If the victim is not breathing...

(first 3 steps)

Using an AED

If the victim is not breathing...

(steps 4-6)

Using an AED

If the victim is not breathing...

(steps 7-10)

Using an AED

If the victim is not breathing...

(step 11)

Using an AED

If the victim is not breathing...

If the AED determines a shock is required:

1. Keep everyone clear of the victim.

2. Press the 'shock' button.

3. Let the AED reanalyze.

Using an AED

If the victim is not breathing...

What If the AED determines no shock is needed?

1. Check for a pulse.

2. If you can not find a pulse and the victim is not breathing, perform CPR until the AED reanalyzes.

3. If there is a pulse but no breathing, then perform rescue breathing and make sure the breaths raise the chest.

4. If there is a pulse and breathing, place the victim in a recover position and monitor them.

Once you have attached the AED to a victim, do not remove it. It will continue to analyze and if the victim lapses again, the AED will recommend a shock if needed. When Emergency Medical Services personnel are on the scene, they can remove it.

how do you perform an initial assessment?

(Step 1)

Tap the victim's should and shout, "Are you okay?"

• For an infant, gently tap the shoulder or flick the foot

how do you perform an initial assessment?

(Step 2)

If no response, summon advance medical personnel.

*If the victim is face-down, roll the victim onto his or her back while supporting the head and neck.

how do you perform an initial assessment?

(Step 3)

Check for signs of life (movement and normal breathing).

• Tilt head back and lift the chin to open the airway.
• Look for movement for no more than 10 seconds.

how do you perform an initial assessment?

(Step 4)

If there is no movement or breathing, give 2 rescue breaths.

• Assemble and position the resuscitation mask.
• Tilt the head back and life the chin to open the airway.
• Each breath should last about 1 second and make the chest rise clearly

how do you perform an initial assessment?

(Step 5)

If the chest clearly rises, check for a pulse for no more than 10 seconds.

Adult and Child: Feel for a pulse at the carotid artery. With one hand on the victim's forehead, place 2 fingers on the front of the neck. Slide your fingers toward you and down into the groove at the side of the neck.

Infant: With one hand on the infant's forehead, find the brachial pulse on the inside of the upper arm, between the infant's elbow and shoulder.

how do you perform an initial assessment?

(Step 6)

Quickly scan the victim for severe bleeding.

If there is movement, breathing and a pulse-- Place the victim in a recovery position (or modified H.A.IN.E.S. position if spinal injury is suspected) and cont. to monitor the ABCs.

If the first 2 breaths don't make chest rise, go to unconscious choking

If there is a pulse, but no movement or breathing--

give rescue breathing

If there is no movement, breathing or pulse perform CPR

How to perform an initial assessment...

(Step 7)

If there is no pulse, but no movement or breathing give 1 rescue breath about every 5 seconds.

• Position the mask.
• Tilt the head vack & lift the chin to open the airway.
• Breathe into the mask.
• Each rescue breath should last about 1 second and make the chest clearly rise.

Continue to give 1 rescue breath about every 5 seconds.

• Watch the chest clearly rise when giving each rescue breath.
• Do this for about 2 minutes.

How to perform the initial assessment

(Step 9)

Remove the resuscitation mask, look for movement and recheck for breathing and a pulse for no more than 10 seconds.

-If there is a pulse and no movement or breathing:

• Replace the mask and continue rescue breathing
• Look for movement and recheck breathing and a pulse about every 2 minutes.

-If there is movement, breathing and a pulse- Place in recovery postion and cont. to monitor the ABCs (or modified H.A.IN.E.S. postion if spinal injury suspected)

If there is no movement, breathing or pulse perform CPR

What do you do when you encounter an emergency situation that requires you to act

quickly?

1. Size up the scene

2. Perform an initial assessment

3. Summon advanced medical care

1. For an unconscious adult (12 years or older).
2. An unconscious child or infant know to be at high risk for heart problems.
3. Always call first if you suspect a cardiac emergency, including the sudden collapse of a child that has been witnessed.

When do you CARE FIRST?

(Provide 2 minutes of care, an then summon advanced medical personnel)