Term
| invasion of the body by a microorganism |
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Definition
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Term
| a microorganism that causes disease |
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Definition
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Term
| a natural environment in which a pathogen typically lives |
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Definition
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Term
| an infection spread by the blood or lymphatic system to large portions of the body |
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Definition
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Term
| the body's collective phsyical and chemical defenses against foreign organisms and pathogens |
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Definition
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Term
| a specialized protein, produced by white blood cells, that can recognize and neutralize specific microbes |
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Definition
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Term
| a disease in which the immune system attacks the person's own body |
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Definition
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Term
| a marker on the surface of a foreign substance that immune system cells recognize as nonself and that triggers the immune response |
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Definition
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Term
| a chemical responsible for the dilation and increased permeability of blood vessels in allergic reactions |
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Definition
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Term
| mechanisms that defend the body agianst infection, specific defenses against specific pathogens |
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Definition
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Term
| the body's ability to mobilize the cellular memory of an attack by a pathogen to throw off subsequent attacks, acquired through vaccination as well as the normal immune response |
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Definition
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Term
| the period when bacteria or viruses are actively multiplying inside the body's cells, usually a period without symptoms of illness |
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Definition
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Term
| a chemical messenger produced by a variety of cell types that helps regulate many cell functions, immune system cells release cytokines that help amplify and coordinate the immune response |
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Definition
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Term
| the process of conferring immunity to a pathogen by administering a vaccine |
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Definition
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Term
| a preparation of killed or weakened microorganisms, inactivated toxins, or components of microorganisms that is administered to stimulate an immune response, protects against future infection by the pathogen |
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Definition
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Term
| a disorder caused by the body's exaggerated response to foreign chemicals and proteins, hypersensitivity |
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Definition
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Term
| a substance that triggers an allergic reaction |
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Definition
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Term
| a severe systemic hypersensitive reaction to an allergen characterized by difficulty breathing, low blood pressure, heart arrhythmia, seizure, and sometimes death |
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Definition
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Term
| a microscopic single celled organism, about 100 species can cause disease in humans |
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Definition
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Term
| any of a genus of spherical bacteria, species can cause skin infections, strep throat, rheumatic fever, pneumonia, scarlet fever, and other diseases |
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Definition
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Term
| any of a genus of spherical, clustered bacteria commonly found on the skin or in the nasal passages, species may enter the body and cause conditions such as boils, pneumonia, and toxic shock syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| a chronic bacterial infection that usually affects the lungs |
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Definition
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Term
| synthetic or naturally occurring substances used as drugs to kill bacteria |
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Definition
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Term
| a very small infectious agent composed of nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein coat, lacks an independent metabolism and reproduces only within a host cell |
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Definition
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Term
| infection of the respiratory tract by the influenza virus, which is highly infectious and adaptable, the form changes so easily that every year new strains arise, making treatment difficult aka flu |
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Definition
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Term
| a family of viruses responsible for cold sores, monomucleosis, chicken pox, and the STD known as herpes, frequently causes latent infections |
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Definition
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Term
| the occurrence in a particular community or region of more than the expected number of cases of a particular disease |
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Definition
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Term
| a disease epidemic that is unusually severe or widespread, often used to refer to worldwide epidemics affecting a large proportion of the population |
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Definition
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Term
| inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by infection, drugs, or toxins |
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Definition
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Term
| increased bile pigment levels in the blood, characterized by yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes |
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Definition
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Term
| a single celled or multicelled organism that absorbs food from living or dead organic matter, examples: mold, mushrooms, yeasts |
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Definition
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Term
| a microscopic single celled organism that often produces recurrent, cyclical attacks of disease |
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Definition
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Term
| a severe, recurrent, mosquito borne infection caused by the protozoan plasmodium |
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Definition
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Term
| an intestinal disease caused by the protozoan giardia lamblia |
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Definition
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Term
| a pathogen that causes intestinal and other infections, includes tapeworms, hookworms, pinworms, and flukes |
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Definition
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Term
| proteinaceous infectious particles thought to be responsible for a class of neurodegenerative diseases known as transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, CJD and mad cow are diseases |
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Definition
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Term
| a disease that can be transmitted by sexual contact, some can also be transmitted by other means |
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Definition
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Term
| the virus that causes HIV infection and AIDS |
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Definition
| HIV - human immunodeficiency virus |
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Term
| a generally fatal, incurable, sexually transmitted viral disease |
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Definition
| acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) |
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Term
| a chronic, progressive viral infection that damages the immune system |
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Definition
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Term
| a type of white blood cell that helps coordinate the activity of the immune system, the primary target for HIV infection |
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Definition
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Term
| an infection caused when organisms take the opportunity presented by a primary (initial) infection to multiply and cause a new, different infection |
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Definition
| opportunistic (secondary) infection |
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Term
| showing no signs or symptoms of a disease |
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Definition
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Term
| a test used to determine the viral load (the amount of HIV in the blood) |
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Definition
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Term
| a fungal infection common in people infected with HIV |
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Definition
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Term
| a form of cancer characterized by purple or brownish lesions that are generally painless and occur anywhere on the skin, usually appears in men infected with HIV |
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Definition
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Term
| a blood test to determine whether a person has been infected by HIV, becomes positive within weeks or months of exposure |
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Definition
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Term
| a blood test that detects the presence of antibodies to HIV |
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Definition
| ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) |
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Term
| a blood test that detects the presence of HIV antibodies |
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Definition
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Term
| a diagnosis resulting from the presence of HIV in the bloodstream |
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Definition
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Term
| an antiviral drug used to treat HIV infection that works by inhibiting reverse transcriptase, the enzyme that converts viral RNA to DNA |
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Definition
| reverse transcriptase inhibitor |
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Term
| a drug that inhibits the action of any of the protein splittin enzymes known as proteases |
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Definition
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Term
| an antiviral drug that blocks the entry of HIV into cells by inhibiting the fusion of viral and cell membranes |
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Definition
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Term
| an STD transmitted by the pathogenic bacterium |
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Definition
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Term
| an inflammation of the small body of sperm carrying ducts that rests on the testes |
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Definition
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Term
| inflammation of the tube that carries urine from the bladder to the outside opening |
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Definition
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Term
| a sexually transmitted bacterial infection that usually affects mucous membranes |
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Definition
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Term
| an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the eyelids, caused by the gonococcus bacterium |
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Definition
| gonococcal conjunctivitis |
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Term
| an infection that progresses from the vagina and cervix to the uterus, oviducts and pelvic cavity |
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Definition
| pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) |
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Term
| the pathogen that causes human warts, including genital warts |
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Definition
| human papillomavirus (HPV) |
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Term
| a sexually transmitted viral infection characterized by growths on the genitals |
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Definition
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Term
| a sexually transmitted infection caused by the herpes simplex virus |
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Definition
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Term
| inflammation of the liver, which can be caused by infection, drugs or toxins, soem forms of this can be transmitted sexually |
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Definition
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Term
| a sexually transmitted bacterial infection caused by the spirochete |
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Definition
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Term
| the sore produced by syphilis in its earliest stage |
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Definition
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Term
| a protozoal infection caused by trichomonas vaginalis, transmitted sexually and externally |
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Definition
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Term
| a condition linked to sexual activity, caused by an overgrowth of certain bacteria inhabiting the vagina |
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Definition
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Term
| parasites that infest the hair of the pubic region, crabs |
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Definition
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Term
| a contagious skin disease caused by a type of burrowing parasitic mite |
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Definition
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Term
| the collective interactions of humans with the environment and the short term and long term health consequences of those interactions |
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Definition
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Term
| a measure of local air quality and what it means for health |
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Definition
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Term
| buried deposits of decayed animals and plants that are converted into carbon rich fuels by exposure to heat and pressure over millions of years, oil, coal and natrual gas = examples |
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Definition
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Term
| hazy atmospheric conditions resulting from increased concentrations of ground level ozone and other pollutants |
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Definition
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Term
| a gas or vapor that traps infrared radiation instead of allowing it to escape through the atmosphere, resulting in a warming of the earth |
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Definition
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Term
| a warmin of the earth due to a buildup of carbon dioxide and certain other gases |
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Definition
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Term
| an increase in the earth's atmospheric temperature when averaged across seasons and geographical regions |
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Definition
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Term
| a layer of ozone molecules (O3) in the upper atmosphere that screens out UV rays from the sun |
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Definition
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Term
| chemicals used as spray can propellants, refrigerants, and industrial solvents, implicated in the destruction of the ozone layer |
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Definition
| chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) |
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Term
| a metal with high specific gravity, such as lead, copper or tin |
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Definition
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Term
| an industrial chemical used as an insulator in electrical transformers and linked to certain human cancers |
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Definition
| polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) |
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Term
| a disposal site where solid wastes are buried |
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Definition
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Term
| refers to the ability to some materials to break down natrually and disappear back into the environment |
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Definition
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Term
| the use of waste materials as raw materials in the production of new products |
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Definition
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Term
| a lung condition caused by inhalation of microscopic asbestos fibers, which inflame the lung and can lead to lung cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| chemicals used to prevent the spread of diseases transmitted by insects and to maximize food production by killing insects that eat crops |
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Definition
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Term
| energy transmitted in the form of rays, waves or particles |
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Definition
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Term
| an illness caused by excess radiation exposure, marked by low white blood cell counts and nausea, possibly fatal |
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Definition
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Term
| the use of controlled nuclear reactions to produce steam, which in turn drives turbines to produce electricity |
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Definition
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Term
| a naturally occurring radioactive gas emitted from rocks and natrual building materials that can become concentrated in insulated homes, causing lung cancer |
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Definition
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Term
| a unit for expressing the relative intensity of sounds on a scale from 0 for the average least perceptible sound to about 120 for the average pain threshold |
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Definition
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Term
| a medication or product that can be purchased by the consumer without a prescription |
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Definition
| over the counter medication (OTC) |
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Term
| a drug that is not registered or protected by a trademark, a drug that does not have a brand name |
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Definition
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Term
| therapies or practices that are no part of conventional or mainstream health care and medical practice as taught in most U.S. medical schools and available at most U.S. health care facilities |
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Definition
| complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) |
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Term
| a system of medicine based on the application of the scientific method, diseases are thought to be caused by identifiable physical factors and characterized by a representative set of symptoms, |
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Definition
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Term
| medical drugs, both prescription and over the counter |
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Definition
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Term
| an independent practitioner who holds a doctor of medicine degree from an acredited medical school |
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Definition
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Term
| a medical practitioner who has graduated from an osteopathic medical school, osteopathy incorporates the theories and practices of scientific medicine but focuses on musculoskeltal problems and manipulative therapy |
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Definition
| doctor of osteopathic medicine |
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Term
| a practioner who holds a doctor of podiatric medicine degree and specializes in the medical and surgical care of the feet |
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Definition
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Term
| a practioner who holds a doctor of optometry degree and is trained to examine the eyes, detect eye diseases, and prescribe corrective lenses. |
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Definition
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Term
| health care professionals who typically provide services under the supervision or control of independent practitioners |
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Definition
| allied health care providers |
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Term
| a medical procedure in which a viewing instrument is inserted into a body cavity or opening |
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Definition
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Term
| a test result that incorrectly detects a disease or condition in a healthy person |
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Definition
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Term
| a test result that fails to correctly detect a disease or condition |
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Definition
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Term
| the traditional medical system of china, which views illness as the result of a disturbance in the flow of qi, the life force, therapies include acupuncture, herbal medicine, and massage |
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Definition
| traditional chinese medicine (TCM) |
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Term
| insertion of thin needles into the skin at points along meridians, pathways through which qi is believed to flow |
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Definition
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Term
| an alternative medical system that treats illnesses by giving very small doses of drugs that in larger doses would produce symptoms like those of the illness |
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Definition
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Term
| the process by which a practitioner induces a state of deep relaxation in which an individual is more suggestible, commonly used in cases of pain, phobia, and addiction |
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Definition
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Term
| CAM therapies that include biologically based interventions and products, examples include herbal remedies, extracts from animal tissues, and dietary supplements |
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Definition
| biological based therapies |
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Term
| a collection of descriptions and formulas for drugs and medicinal preparations |
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Definition
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Term
| a system of manual healing most frequently used to treat musculoskeletal problems, the primary treatment is manipulation of the spine and other joints |
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Definition
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Term
| a component of traditional chinese medicine that combines movement, meditation, and regulation of breathing to enhance the flow of qi, improve blood circulation, and enhance immune function |
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Definition
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Term
| a CAM practice based on the premise that healers can identify and correct energy imbalances by passing their hands over the patients body |
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Definition
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Term
| a CAM practice intended to correct disturbances in the flow of life energy and enhance the body's healing powers through the use of 13 hand positions on the patient |
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Definition
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Term
| CAM therapies based on the notion that electromagnetic fields can be used to promote healing and manage pain |
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Definition
| bioelectromagnetic based therapies |
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Term
| a health care program that integrates the financing and delivery of services by using designated providers, utilization review, and incentives for following the plan's policies, HMOs, PPOs, POS plans = examples |
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Definition
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Term
| a prepaid health insurance plan in which providers agree to deliver services for discounted fees, patients can go to any provider, but using nonparticipating providers results in higher costs to the patient |
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Definition
| preferred provider organization (PPO) |
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Term
| a prepaid health insurance plan that offers health care from designated providers |
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Definition
| health maintenance organization (HMO) |
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Term
| a managed care plan that covers treatment by an HMO physician but permits patients to seek treatment elsewhere with a higher copayment |
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Definition
| point of service plan (POS) |
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Term
| health insurance coverage that includes a health plan with a high deductible and a tax exempt personal savings account that is used for qualified medical expenses |
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Definition
| health savings account (HSA) |
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Term
| a federal health insurance program for people 65 or older and for younger people with certain disabilities |
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Definition
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Term
| a federally subsidized state run plan of health care for people with low income |
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Definition
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