Term
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Definition
Neurodevelopmental impairment caused by a non-progressive lesion in single or multiple locations in the immature brain.
American Assc of CP recognizes damage to CNS that occurs before age 5. |
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Term
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Definition
* Even if motor system is only involved all systems are affected indirectly
* Cognitive- 50-75%
* Auditory- 25%
* Vision- 40-50%- limited eye movement due to poor head control
* Seizures 25-35%
* Motor Problems
* ADL/Function issues |
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Term
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Definition
* Involves trunk and one or more limbs
* Poor regulation of tone
* Decreased ability to learn new movements |
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Term
| CP Classification according to area of body affected |
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Definition
Monoplegia- one extremity
Diplegia- bilateral extremities
Hemiplegia – one sided involvement
Quadriplegia- all four limbs |
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Term
| CP Classification according to impairment |
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Definition
Spastic (motor cortex)- excessively stiff muscles
Athetosis(basal ganglia)- intermittent muscular tension and involuntary movements without central stability
Ataxia ( cerebellar lesion, tumor removal)- general instability of movement
Hypotonia (no specific lesion) diminished tension and ability to generate voluntary movement. |
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Term
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Definition
Prenatal malnutrition, genetic development problems, maternal infections, intracranial hemorrhage, neonatal asphyxia
Three types of neuropathic lesions:
- Hemorrhage below lining of ventricles
- Encephalopathy cause by anoxia
- Malformations of the CNS |
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Term
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Definition
Observe- cognition, behavior, temperament, communication, sensory abilities, arom and posturing in all positions
PROM- flexibility, joint condition,
Muscle tone
Reflexes- presence of primitive reflexes and postural reactions
Developmental stage:
Move against gravity
Align one part of body with another
Bear weight through different body parts
Environment support
Anthropometric measurements
Function (function, seating, resp!!!) |
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Term
| Preschool Age CP Assessment |
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Definition
Observe- cognition/behavior, communication, sensory, AROM
PROM- continued as in infancy
Reflexes/postural – as in infancy
Development- as in infancy (standardized tools such as Peabody DS2)
Function - mob, xfers, ADLs, BB func, ADLs (weeFIM)
Gait
Reliance on environmental support |
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Term
| School Age and Adolescence CP Assessment |
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Definition
Involved more in school and community life; privacy is especially important in this stage
Same assessment as in preschool but may do actual specific testing procedures |
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Term
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Definition
| Focus on Independent Functioning |
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Term
| CP Treatment Goals for all clients should focus on |
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Definition
Prevention of disability by minimizing the effects of the impairments
Preventing or limiting secondary impairments
Maximizing the gross motor function that is allowed |
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Term
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Definition
Educate Care giver: positioning, feeding, carrying, dressing
Introduce a variety of movements and postures to give different sensory experiences
Include positions that promote symmetry and lengthen tight muscles
Use positions that promote functional movements
Limit abnormal movements and postures
Development of postural stability with smooth mobility (trunk rot, dissociation, wt shift, WB, isolated mvmt)
Home/school/recreation needs |
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Term
| Preschool age CP treatment |
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Definition
Reduce primary impairment and prevent secondary impairments
Balance b/w developing more normal tone and utilizing it to gain flexibility and/or function
Stretching effects on tight muscles are inconclusive
Inhibitive casting
Positioning programs, orthoses and night splints
Adaptive seating/positioning in a standing posture
Dynamic vs. static standing
Promoting function
Tasks should be goal oriented and fun
Feedback important (practice,motivation)
Promoting mobility
Emphasis on pre-gait skills- ie. Well aligned wt, bearing, promoting dissociation, wt. shifting and improving balance
Alternative means to gait such as w/c or adapted tricycle. |
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Term
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Definition
Reducing primary impairments and preventing secondary
Rx as in preschool
Possible biofeedback and FES as adjuncts
Promoting mobility and improved endurance
May need to resort to compensatory strategies
Increased involvement of rehab technology
School/community entry involvement |
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Term
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Definition
Reducing primary impairment and preventing secondary impairment
Rx as in preschool
Avoid overuse syndromes
Promote ongoing fitness and recreation
Transitional planning (voc, housing & mgmt, social skill, personal mgmt) |
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Term
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Definition
Tone reduction through meds or post. Rhizotomy
Surgical lengthening of contractures
Other surgical procedures include osteotomies and fusions |
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Term
| Education for Handicapped Children Act |
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Definition
1975 in USA
Mainstreaming of children with special needs
PT may be involved in instructing teachers/assistants with positioning, lifting, transferring, exercise programs, transportation and other issues |
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