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| branch of medical science that investigates the frequency and distribution of diseases in human populations. |
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| statistically significant |
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| likely to be a genuine result rather than a random fluctuation; generally requires a p value of 0.05 or less. |
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| type of bias in which the expectations of a person carrying out an investigation interfere with objective evaluation of the data. |
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| differences in the ability to recall past events caused by the presence of a disease. |
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| type of bias arising from the common practice of scientifice journals not to publish studies in which investigators have failed to detect some kind of relationship. |
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| epidemiological approach that assesses that past exposures of people who have already developed a disease. |
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| drawing the incorrect conclusion that two events exhibit a cause-and-effect relationship just because they are associated with each other. |
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| experiment in which people are randomly assigned to different groups that receive different doses (or no dose at all) of a drug or treatment. |
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| chemical or physical agent that is capable of inducing mutations. |
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Definition
| acting together in such a way that two agents in combination produce an effect that is greater than the sum of the effects produced by each acting alone. |
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| potent carcinogen produced by the mold Aspergillus, which grows on grains and nuts stored under humid conditions. |
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Definition
| virus that can cause cancer. |
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