Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
hydrostatic
exoskeleton
endoskeleton |
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Term
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Definition
| water filled cavity surrounded by muscle |
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Term
| examples of hydrostatic skeletons |
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Definition
snidarians
echinoderms
earthworms |
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Term
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Definition
| external skeleton surrounding/protecting body |
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Term
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Definition
| do not protect body surface, only internal organs and other organs |
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Term
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Definition
| sponges, our skin, vertebrates |
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Term
| vertebral skeleton (2 parts) |
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Definition
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Term
| axial part of vertebral skeleton |
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Definition
main longitudinal axis
skull, spinal column, ribs |
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Term
| appendicular part of vertebral skeleton |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
pivot joint
hinge
ball and socket |
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Term
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Definition
| formed where 2 or more bones come together |
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Term
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Definition
| rotational movement ( neck) |
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Term
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Definition
| movement in one plane (elbow) |
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Term
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Definition
| movement several planes ( hip) |
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Term
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Definition
| grouping of contractile cells (muscle fibers) bound together by connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| link BONES to skeletal MUSCLES |
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Term
| each muscle fiber contains many ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| each myfibril contains ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| sarcomere units are composed of ______ |
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Definition
| interdigitated protein fibers |
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Term
| muscle bundles are composed of ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| a Muscle is composed of ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| skeletal muscle is a type of _______ muscle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| striped microscopic pattern of myofibrils |
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Term
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Definition
| junction of motor neuron's axon and muscle fiber |
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Term
| 2 types of transport/exchange systems |
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Definition
gastrovascular cavities
circulatory systems |
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Term
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Definition
| body cavity with single opening to outside |
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Term
| 2 types of circulatory system |
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Definition
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Term
| in insects, ____ ______ is used for gas exchange |
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Definition
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Term
| limitation to open circulatory system |
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Definition
| hemolymph can't be selectively directed to different tissues |
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Term
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Definition
| vessels connected to heart open into the animal's body cavity |
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Term
| closed circulatory system |
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Definition
| blood and interstitial fluid are physically separated |
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Term
| 2 common patterns of circulation found in animals |
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Definition
single circulation
double circulation |
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Term
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Definition
single blood circuit
single atrium collects blood from tissues |
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Term
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Definition
2 distinct blood circuits
oxygenated and deoxygenated separates into 2 separate circulations |
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Term
| pulmocutaneous circulation |
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Definition
| respiratory surfaces of lung and skin |
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Term
| In the mammalian hart, the _____ separates atria and ventricles |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mammalian hearts can generate their own periodic action potentials |
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Term
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Definition
| require regular electrical impulses from NS |
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Term
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Definition
pacemaker
collection of modified cardiac cells that spontaneously and rhythmically generate action potential |
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Term
| 2 phases of cardiac cycle |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| atria contract and ventricles fill |
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Term
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Definition
| ventricles contract and blood is ejected from heart |
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Term
| heart valves open and shut in response to ______ _______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
plasma
erythrocytes
platelets/thrombocytes
leukocytes |
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Term
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Definition
water and solutes
functions in buffering, water balance, and cell transport |
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Term
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Definition
red blood cells
oxygen transport using hemoglobin |
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Term
| platelets or thrombocytes |
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Definition
| role in formation of blood clots |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| conduct blood AWAY from heart |
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Term
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Definition
branches of arteries
smaller |
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Term
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Definition
smallest and narrowest
thinnest walled vessels in the body |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| have openings, allow for movement of considerable water and small solutes through the wall |
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Term
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Definition
| have smooth walls, permit less water and solute movement |
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Term
| capillary networks drain into ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| blood enters capillary on arteriole end under _______ pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| hydrostatic pressure ______ along the capillary bed |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
thinner and less elastic than arteries
take blood TO the heart |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| gas exchange moves CO2 and O2 b/t air and blood |
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Term
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Definition
| gas exchange moves carbon dioxide and O2 b/t blood and cells |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pressure exerted by atmosphere on body surfaces of animals |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| most gasses dissolve _____ in water |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
external gills
internal gills
insect tracheae
lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| vary widely in appearance but all have a large surface area |
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Term
| mammalian respiratory system |
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Definition
nose and mouth
pharynx
larynx
trachea
lungs
bronchi
alveoli |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rings of cartilage, cilia, and mucus trap particles |
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Term
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Definition
| small pouches; site of gas exchanges |
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Term
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Definition
| salts dissociate in solution into charge ions |
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Term
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Definition
| water moves b/t adjacent body compartments by osmosis down an osmosis gradient |
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Term
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Definition
breathing
cellular respiration
temperature regulation
elimination of wastes
food intake |
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Term
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Definition
| total concentration of dissolved solute molecules/liter |
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Term
| types of excretory systems |
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Definition
protonephridia
metanephridia
malpighian tubules |
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Term
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Definition
| simplest filtration mechanism in inveretbrates |
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Term
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Definition
help rid body of excess water
nitrogenous wastes diffuse out of body |
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Term
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Definition
tubular network beginning in funnel like structure called nephrostome
collect coelemic fluid containing nitrogenous wasts, dissolved solutes |
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Term
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Definition
not a filtration system
tubules extend from the intestine |
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Term
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Definition
| specialized tubules composed of epithelial cells that actively transport sodium and other ions for salt and water homeostasis and nitrogenous waste elimination |
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Term
| nephron tubules empty into _____ ______ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cluster of interconnected, fenestrated capillaries |
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Term
| segments of loop of Henle |
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Definition
proximal convoluted tubule
loop of Henle
distal convoluted tubule |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the interactions between organisms and between organisms and their environment |
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Term
| levels of ecological study |
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Definition
organismal
population
community
ecosystems |
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Term
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Definition
| focuses on teh specific characteristics of individual organisms, and how these characteristics contribute to society |
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Term
| physiological adaptations |
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Definition
| tolerance/adaptations to change in environmental conditions |
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Term
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Definition
migration
foraging behaviors
social interactions
mating |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of interbreeding individuals (same species) present in a particular area |
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Term
| population ecology focuses on... |
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Definition
| the factors that influence the size, density, or growth of population |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of populations of different species that live in the same place at the same time |
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Term
| community ecology focuses on.... |
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Definition
| how different groups of different species interact, and form communities with distinct characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| all the organs in an area along with the abiotic environment |
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Term
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Definition
| soil, water, nutrients, gas |
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Term
| ecosystems ecology focuses on.... |
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Definition
| the movement of energy and materials through organisms and their communities |
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Term
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Definition
carbon cycle
nitrogen
sulfur
water |
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Term
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Definition
| number of organisms in a given unit area |
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