Term
| Which of the following sets of dichotomies are referred as “attitudes” on the MBTI? |
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Definition
Extroversion - Introversion
(E -I) |
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Term
| On the MBTI, if the dominant function is one of the perceiving functions, then the auxiliary function is one of: |
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Definition
| If Sensing - Intuitive (perceiving functions) are dominant, then Thinking - Feeling will be the auxiliary function |
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Term
| Identify the correct functions associated with the following MBTI preference type |
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Definition
According to Myers and Briggs, people use all four cognitive functions. However, one function is generally used in a more conscious and confident way. This dominant function is supported by the secondary (auxiliary) function, and to a lesser degree the tertiary function. The fourth and least conscious function is always the opposite of the dominant function. Myers called this inferior function the shadow.[1]:84
Interpreting MBTI type:
1. (First letter) Where does this person prefer to spend their psychic energy?
2. (Fourth letter) When the person has to interact with the external world, how does the person prefer to spend their energy?
3. Use the last letter to guide you: J directs you to the second; P directs you to the third letter
4. Place the lowercase of the first letter beside either the second or third letter (from step 3).
5. Use the E-I dichotomy to determine the attitude opposite the clients, place a lowercase of the opposite next to the remaining letter, either second or third.
Example: ENFP
1. Extroverted, prefers to engage in the external world
2. Interested in patterns, big picture
3. The fourth letter (P) Directs you back to the third letter where you place the lowercase of the first letter (in this case "e").
Ex: E N Fe P
4. The remaining letter, either second or third, is marked with an "i."
Ex: E Ni Fe P
Dominant Function: Ne - Extroverted feeling
Auxiliary Function: Fi - Introverted intuitive
Inferior Function: Si - exact opposite of dominant function (N-S are opposites on the same dichotomy) |
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Term
| If your client obtains a tie score (i.e., clarify preference index = 0) on MBTI’s Thinking-Feeling dichotomy, which function should be chosen as the preference indicator? |
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Definition
| When a client receives a tie score on the MBTI assessment the function which is the opposite of what the society (which the client lives in) values most should be chosen for the client. For example tie score on E and I then it should go to “I” since society here in United States values extroversion over introversion. Society value E, N, T, and J, so any ties should go to the opposite functions I, S F and P. |
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Term
| The Jungian theory behind the MBTI conceptualizes type preference as reflecting: |
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Definition
Text pg. 224: “(Jung’s) theory suggests that variations in behavior are related to basic differences in the way individuals prefer to prefer and then make judgments about what they have perceived..Furthermore, Carl Jung proposed that individuals have different attitudes (ie introversion, extroversion) in which they use to perceive their perspectives and judgments.”
Answer: “differing attitudes people use to perceive their perspectives and judgments.” |
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Term
| During supervision, Joe expressed his frustrations and doubts that he has ever been an effective counselor for a client he was working with. Specifically, he shared with the supervisor that his client frequently digressed while he wanted to stay focused on one topic. He found the client frequently made inferences from what he said and believed that those inferences were, indeed, facts. His client also failed to follow up homework assignments, claiming that he “doesn’t see how the homework fits the long-term goal for therapy.” Which of the following MBTI dynamic best describes the therapist-client preferences? |
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Definition
| J/P: judging and perceiving |
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Term
| Which type of ability assessments is often used to make predictions of test-takers future performance? |
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Definition
● Aptitude tests predict future performance. There are several different types. (Chapter 8, beginning on page 169)
● Scholastic Aptitude Tests (SAT, ACT, GRE) - need to know how well they predict collegiate performance
● Vocational/Career Aptitude Tests-used to predict job or occupational performance
○ Several of them are used not for counseling but rather for employment selection purposes
○ Some are used to measure one aptitude or to predict performance in a single occupational area
○ Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery: most widely used aptitude test in the U.S.
○ Work Keys: a job skills assessment system that is primarily used in the selection, hiring, training, and retaining of the workforce
○ Differential Aptitude Test: Designed for students in grades 7 through 12, but can be used with adults. The aptitude measured which are similar to those measured by other instruments are verbal reasoning, numerical reasoning, abstract reasoning, mechanical reasoning, space relations, spelling, language usage, and clerical speed and accuracy. Not used very often. |
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Term
| Which of the following scale and subscale structures are often seen when an intelligence test is developed using a psychometric approach? |
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Definition
interval scale” to compare to other scores
(check answer) |
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Term
| Which of the following properties of achievement tests is least accurate? |
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Definition
Properties of achievement tests
• Measure how much people know about a certain topic or how well they can perform a certain skill (Intelligence, Aptitude, Achievement lecture, slide 40)
• Measure knowledge and skills acquired through learning (slide 40)
• Past-oriented; content validity very important. (slide 41) (versus aptitude tests, which predict future performance or ability to learn; Chap. 8, p. 157)
• Most popular and pervasive of all psychological tests (classroom tests; standardized tests in schools) (slide 41)
• Purposes include educational, curriculum/program evaluation, advanced placement/credit by examination; certification, licensure, promotion; diagnostics (e.g., diagnosing learning disabilities) (slide 42)
• Criterion-referenced achievement instruments are designed to determine if a certain academic standard is met (slide 45) |
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Term
| Which of the following subtests or subscales is theoretically the least indicative of the verbal comprehension form of intelligence? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is not a subtest of the Wide Range Achievement Test – 4? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following normative characteristics of WRAT-4 is accurate?
(Lecture May 1st) book pg 164 |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following Holland code type is theoretically the least consistent: |
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Definition
Consistency is based on the distance between types on the hexagonal model of the Holland codes. The types that are adjacent to each other on the hexagon are most consistent. Types that are diagonally across from each other are most inconsistent.
CA
EI
RS |
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Term
| Which of the following Holland code types best reflects the interest pattern of a surgeon? |
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Definition
IRA (Investigative - Realistic - Artistic)
(From the SDS Occupations Finder - Alphabetized Occupations Finder in back)(Lecture 9) |
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Term
| Anna obtains an SIA code type after taking the SDS, with a 2-point difference between SI, SA, and IA. Theoretically speaking, Anna would not feel as happy and satisfied in being a: |
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Definition
● REC is the most theoretically opposite career code of SIA (Examples of REC careers = construction inspector, locksmith, roofer, bulldozer operator, etc)
● Anna would not feel as happy/satisfied in most combinations of C (Conventional), R (Realistic), or E (Enterprising) careers... essentially careers that involve working with THINGS and/or DATA
● Extra info: Since her top 3 career interests are not differentiated (only 2-point difference), she could potentially be satisfied with any combination of S, I, and A (SIA, SAI, ISA, IAS, AIS, ASI, etc) and their prospective careers. Essentially, she would be most happy working with people and/or ideas.
● (From Lecture #9 on Holland’s Theory; slide #12 with the Hexagon) |
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Term
| When conducting career assessment, it is important to help clients explore the contributions of contextual and collectivist factors to decision-making, such as: |
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Definition
● This is a very vague question, as there are a number of contextual and collectivistic factors that will influence decision-making, including age, gender, SES, education level, race/ethnicity, and a wealth of other contextual factors such as acculturation, family influence, and cultural values
● Acculturation vs. family expectations could impact an individual’s career decision-making. Individuals who are less acculturated are more influenced by family expectations in expressing career choices rather than by their interests. Ex. A young woman who moved to the U.S. from the Philippines with her family 5 years ago enters a nursing program because this is a culturally expected career field for her gender and ethnicity. Compared to another women who moved to the US from Japan when she was 2, she follows her interests (rather than her family’s expectations) to become a professor (From the Cultural Applicability of Holland’s Theory article, pg. 711)
● Some cultural groups may have misperceptions of career opportunities. They may also experience both perceived and actual barriers to some careers fields, such as a racial minority client wanting to enter a STEM-related career, or even a male client wanting to enter a predominantly female-oriented career such as nursing (think of Ben Stiller’s character as a male nurse in Meet the Parents). (From textbook, pg. 202)
● Cultural validity: whether instruments such as the SDS (developed mainly from a Eurocentric perspective) can be used with clients from other cultural backgrounds (pg. 202)
● Cultural specificity: the extent to which variables such as worldview, cultural identity, communication style, and decision-making preferences are addressed in the assessment process (pg. 202) |
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Term
| The Social and Enterprising interest types can be best differentiated by: |
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Definition
Social type
-Interest in caring for others
-Help others with problems
-Collaborative
-Cooperative
Enterprising Type
-Influencing and persuading others
-Interest in obtaining economic success
-Directive
-Competitive |
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Term
| Which of the following represents an underlying dimension of the RIASEC classification? |
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Definition
Prediger (1982) proposed two underlying dimensions associated with Holland’s RIASEC model: People-Things and Data-Ideas. Things: tasks that are non-personal in nature and may involve working with tools or machines People: tasks that are interpersonal in nature, like caring for or leading others. Data: tasks that are impersonal in nature and involves facts and systematic procedures Ideas: tasks that are intrapersonal in nature, such as dealing with theories and insights. Prediger (1982) orthogonal/bipolar interest dimensions (Slide 12, Holland Theory)
[image] |
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Term
| George obtains an RCE code type with very low ISA scores after taking the SDS. Which of the following is an inaccurate interpretation of his result? |
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Definition
| George is high in Realistic, Conventional, and Enterprising preferences. People with these preferences tend to like to work based off data rather than formulate ideas. George also has a preference to work with things instead of people. George would rather fix things on his own then discuss ideas with groups of people. This code type suggests he likes to work alone, pays attention to detail and accuracy, and likes to lead people (views relationships as a hierarchy). Some professions consistent with this type code are: Estimator, Automobile Tester, Camera Repairer, Chief Inspector, etc. (From Holland’s Theory lecture, class notes, and SDS assessment booklet) |
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Term
| Which of the following is a symptom dimension scales of SCL-90-R? |
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Definition
From PP “Lecture 12 (Assessment Diagnosis SCL90R)” slide #21
Somatization (1,4,12,27,40,42,48,49,52,53,56,58)
•Obsessive-Compulsive (3,9,10,28,38,45,46,51,55,65)
•Interpersonal Sensitivity (6,21,34,36,37,41,61,69,73)
•Depression (5,14,15,20,22,26,29,30,31,32,54,71,79)
•Anxiety (2,17,23,33,39,57,72,78,80,86)
•Hostility (11,24,63,67,74,81)
•Phobic Anxiety (13,25,47,50,70,75,82)
•Paranoid Ideation (8,18,43,68,76,83)
•Psychoticism (7,16,35,62,77,84,85,87,88,90) |
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Term
| The SCL-90-R symptom dimension that assesses “thoughts, feelings, and actions that are characteristic of the negative affect state of anger” is: |
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Definition
From the SCL-90-R Scales document on iLearn, p. 6:
The Hostility dimension reflects thoughts, feelings, or actions that are characteristic of the negative affect state of anger. The selection of items includes all three modes of expression and reflects qualities such as agression, irritability, rage, and resentment. |
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Term
| Which of the following descriptions of the SCL-90-R Additional Items is not accurate? |
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Definition
-For non-patients (Norm B), if GSI (Global Severity Index) score is a T-Score greater or equal to 63 OR if any 2 DIM (primary dimension scores) are T-Scores greater than 63 = the individual is considered positive risk or a case.
-Positive Dx= T (GSI) > T (63) OR T (2DIM) > T (63)
*This says exactly the same thing that is said above in shorter terms.
(Lecture 12, Slides 28,29,30) |
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Term
| Which of the following SCL-90-R results is indicative of a positive risk or a case? |
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Definition
-For non-patients (Norm B), if GSI Global Severity Index) score is a T-Score greater or equal to 63 OR if any 2 DIM (primary dimension scores) are T-Scores greater than 63 = the individual is considered positive risk or a case.
-Positive Dx= T (GSI) > T (63) OR T (2DIM) > T (63)
*This says exactly the same thing that is said above in shorter terms.
(Lecture 12, Slides 28,29,30) |
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Term
| The SCL-90-R index that gives the best estimate of the intensity of a patient’s symptoms is: |
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Definition
| In last evening’s (5/14) lecture, both slide 27 and the SCL-90-R guide definition note the intensity of symptoms is reflected in the Positive Symptom Distress Index. I thought at first glance it would be the Global Severity Index, but i guess not. up for feedback. |
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Term
| Which of the following instruments is not associated with SCL-90-R’s Psychopathology Rating Scale Series? |
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Definition
This is what I found on Lecture 12, slides 18 and 19. I didn’t see anything else about it in the book.
Instruments in the Psychopathology Rating Scale Series
● Hopkins Symptom Checklist (HSCL) – limitations as research instrument
● SCL-90 – historically related to but distinct from HSCL
● SCL-90-R
● Derogatis Psychiatric Rating Scale
● Brief Symptom Inventory
● SCL-90 Analogue |
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