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Cost Accounting
Cost Behavior
19
Accounting
Undergraduate 3
03/28/2007

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Term
Account analysis
Definition
A method for analyzing cost behavior in which each account under consideration is classified as either variable or fixed based on the analyst's prior knowledge of how the cost in the account behaves.
Term
Activity base
Definition
A measure of whatever causes the incurrence of a variable cost. For example, the total cost of X-ray film in a hospital will increase as the number of X-rays taken increases. Therefore, the number of X-rays is an activity base that explains the total cost of X-ray film.
Term
Committed fixed costs
Definition
Those fixed costs that are difficult to adjust and that relate to investment in facilities, equipment, and basic organizational structure.
Term
Contribution approach
Definition
An income statement format that is geared to cost behavior in that costs are separated into variable and fixed categories rather than being separated according to the functions of production, sales, and administration.
Term
Contribution margin
Definition
The amount remaining from sales revenues after all variable expenses have been deducted.
Term
Cost structure
Definition
The relative proportion of fixed, variable, and mixed costs found within an organization.
Term
Curvilinear costs
Definition
A relationship between cost and activity that is a curve rather than a straight line.
Term
Dependent variable
Definition
A variable that responds to some causal factor; total cost is the dependent variable, as represented by the letter Y, in the equation Y = a + bX.
Term
Discretionary fixed costs
Definition
Those fixed costs that arise from annual decisions by management to spend in certain fixed cost areas, such as advertising and research.
Term
Engineering approach
Definition
A detailed analysis of cost behavior based on an industrial engineer's evaluation of the inputs that are required to carry out a particular activity and of the prices of those inputs.
Term
High-low method
Definition
A method of separating a mixed cost into its fixed and variable elements by analyzing the change in cost between the high and low activity levels.
Term
Independent variable
Definition
A variable that acts as a causal factor; activity is the independent variable, as represented by the letter X, in the equation Y = a + bX.
Term
Least-squares regression method
Definition
A method of separating a mixed cost into its fixed and variable elements by fitting a regression line that minimizes the sum of the squared errors.
Term
Linear cost behavior
Definition
Cost behavior is said to be linear whenever a straight line is a reasonable approximation for the relation between cost and activity.
Term
Mixed cost
Definition
A cost that contains both variable and fixed cost elements.
Term
Multiple regression
Definition
An analytical method required in those situations where variations in a dependent variable are caused by more than one factor.
Term
R2
Definition
A measure of goodness of fit in least-squares regression analysis. It is the percentage of the variation in the dependent variable that is explained by variation in the independent variable.
Term
Relevant range
Definition
The range of activity within which assumptions about variable and fixed cost behavior are valid.
Term
Step-variable cost
Definition
The cost of a resource (such as a maintenance worker) that is obtainable only in large chunks and that increases and decreases only in response to fairly wide changes in the activity level.
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