Term
| dorsal pathway of visual system |
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Definition
involves association cortex in occipital lobe and parietal lobe
analyzes object motion
important in telling us where an object is in the world |
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Term
| ventral pathway of visual system |
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Definition
involves association cortex in occipital lobe and temporal lobe
analyzes object form and color
important for identifying what an object is |
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Term
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Definition
bilateral damage to the dorsal pathway causes deficits in perceiving object motion
Balint's syndrome: also cannot see more than one object at once |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to recognize the faces of previously familiar people; caused by bilateral lesions in the inferior temporal lobe |
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Term
| lesions of the ventral pathway of the visual system |
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Definition
| deficits in identifying objects, either color or form |
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Term
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Definition
caused by large bilateral lesions in visual cortex
Anton's Syndrome: patient lacks awareness of the deficit (anosognosia) |
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Term
| association cortex of somatosensory system |
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Definition
parietal lobe
area 5: integrates tactile and proprioceptive information and information from the two hands
5/7: stereognosis, 2-point discrimination, sensory guidance of movement -multimodal sensory information is sent to motor areas as an important part of the planning of movements
7: multimodal, integration of tactile and visual information - hand-eye coordination |
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Term
| lesions of association cortex of somatosensory system |
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Definition
| astereognosis, agraphesthesia, neglect, apraxia |
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Term
| anterior cingulate gyrus and insula |
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Definition
involved in emotional aspects of pain
lesion: maintain pain perception, but emotional component is changed |
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Term
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Definition
| denial of the self-image of the contralateral side of the body or external world; usually involves right hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
| damage to 5/7 can cause limb apraxia, which is an inability to produce a familiar purposeful movement in the absence of sensory or motor impairment - the movement could be produced under other conditions |
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Term
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Definition
auditory/comprehension; relating sounds to the meaning of words, speech comprehension
Wernicke aphasia: inability to understand the meaning of words, aka sensory, receptive, or fluent aphasia; cannot comprehend speech but can verbalize well, inappropriate words and meaningless sequences are used without patient's awareness |
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Term
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Definition
adjacent to motor cortex, important for motor aspects of language like speech and writing
Broca aphasia: inability to vocalize word sounds, aka motor, expressive or nonfluent aphasia; writing may also be affected |
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Term
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Definition
| affect reading (dyslexia) and writing from visual cues; agraphesthesia |
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Term
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Definition
| damage to arcuate fasciculus disconnects Wernicke's and Broca's areas - comprehension is good, speech is fluent but contains errors and word repetition is difficult |
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Term
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Definition
lateral ventral portion of area 6, important in movements triggered by sensory events or requireing sensory guidance
lesion: apraxia (forgetting learned movements) and deficits in visually guided movements |
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Term
| Supplementary Motor Area (SMA) |
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Definition
dorsal and medial portion of area 6; active when individuals are asked to think about or mentally rehearse a movement, important for planning movements, bilateral movements
lesion: apraxia; disrupt bimanual coordination |
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Term
| Dorsolateral region of prefrontal cortex |
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Definition
| long-term planning, problem solving, working memory |
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Term
| ventromedial area of prefrontal cortex |
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Definition
| cortical control of emotional (limbic) centers |
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