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Corrections
Sentencing and the Criminal Process
21
Law
Undergraduate 1
04/22/2008

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Cards

Term
Sentencing
Definition
Imposition of a criminal sanction by a judicial authority.
Term
Felony
Definition
A crime that is punishable by a year or more of incarceration.
Term
Misdemeanor
Definition
A crime that is punishable by less than a year of incarceration.
Term
Pretrial Diversion
Definition
The suspension of criminal process while the offender is provided the chance to participate in treatment programs and avoid futher criminal activity.
Term
Preventative Detention
Definition
Detaining an accused person in jail to protect the community from crimes the person is likely to commit if set free pending trial.
Term
Bail
Definition
The pledge of money or property in exchange for a promise to return for futher criminal processing.
Term
Surety
Definition
A person who is legally liable for the conduct of another; someone who guarantees the accused person's appearance in court.
Term
Release on Recognizance (ROR)
Definition
Release from jail based only on the defendants promise to appear for futher court procedures.
Term
Manhattan Bail Project (MBP)
Definition
A program started in the 1960s to help judges identify individuals who were good candidates to be released on their own recognizance without commercial or monetary bond.
Term
Supervised Pretrial Release Programs (SPTR)
Definition
Programs in which offenders are supervised while released on their own recognizance, similar to supervision while on probation.
Term
Plea Bargining
Definition
An agreement in which the defendant enters a guilty plea in exchange for a reduced sentence in comparison to the sentence allowable for the charged offense.
Term
Presentence Investigation (PSI)
Definition
A report used during the sentencing process that details the background of a convicted offender, including criminal, social, education, mental and physical health, and other significant factors.
Term
Economic Sanction
Definition
A requirement that an offender pay a fine or restitution to the victim as a part of his or her sentence.
Term
Community Service
Definition
A requirement that an offender provide his or her personal time to do some public good.
Term
Probation
Definition
A prison sentence that is suspended on the condition that the offender follow certain prescribed rules and commit no futher crimes.
Term
Intermediate Sanction
Definition
Midrange dispositions that fall between probation and imprisonment.
Term
Short-term Confinement
Definition
a sentence in a jail for one year or less.
Term
Imprisonment
Definition
A sentence in a prison of a year or more.
Term
Capital Punishment
Definition
Punishment for the most serious crimes (generally first degree murder)' most states and the federal government provide for the death penalty.
Term
Concurrent Sentences
Definition
Sentences that run at the same time.
Term
Consecutive Sentences
Definition
Sentences that run one after the other.
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