Term
Definition of Chronic Bronchitis
(4 elements) |
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Definition
- persistent cough or sputum production
- 3 consecutive months each year
- 2 consectuive years
- periodic acute exacerbations during which symptoms worsen
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Term
Pathologic features of chronic bronchitis |
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Definition
- inflammation of the cells lining the bronchial wall
- hyperplasia of the mucous glands
- narrowing of the small airways
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Term
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Definition
Permanent and abnormal enlargement of any part of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles.
Destruction without fibrosis of the alveolar walls.
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Term
| Common denominator of asthma, chronic bronchitis and emphysema |
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Definition
| Slowing of the expiratory flow rate. |
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Term
| COPD is caused by a combination of: |
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Definition
1. Small airway disease
2. parenchymal destruction |
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Term
| hereditary pattern: α¹-antitrypsin deficiency causes |
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Definition
| Pure emphasematorus form of COPD |
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Term
If a person stops smoking COPD
WILL or WILL NOT
continue to progress
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Definition
| WILL continue to progress |
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Term
| (5) Contributing factors for COPD other than cigarette smoking: |
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Definition
1. crowded living conditions with exposure to frequent viral infections
2. poorly ventilated homes
3. inadequate nutrition
4. exposure to passive cigarette smoke
5. suboptimum care of childhood respiratory infections |
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Term
| Chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia result in: |
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Definition
Pulmonary arterial resistance
possibly leading to pulmonary hypertension eventually leading to cor pulmonale
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Term
| A sudden worsening of symptoms in severe chronic bronchitis can precipitate |
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Definition
| Acute right-sided heart failure |
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Term
| Enlargement of air spaces in emphysema is the result of alveolar wall destruction. This is probably a result of: |
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Definition
| increased numbers of activated neutrophils that produce elastases which destroy the elastin in the alveolar walls |
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Term
| What is the major antielastase |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the result of the alveoli having lost their recoil mechanism? |
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Definition
mechanism?
The driving force during respiration decreases and causes a chronic persistent airflow obstruction |
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Term
| What is another cause of elastase activity and how does that happen? |
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Definition
| Cigarette smoking causes an influlx of elastase-rich neutrophils into the alveoli and causes the oxidative inactivation of antitrypsin |
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Term
| What is the result of alveoli loosing their recoil |
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Definition
The unsupported alveoli collapse during expiration causing
1. decreased expiratory flow rates
2. uneven distribution of ventilation
3. decreased airflow
4. decreased PaO2
5. increased PaCO2
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Term
| What is the most common presenting complaint in COPD? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the most common presenting complaint in COPD?
Does it develop early or late in the disease?
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Definition
Dyspnea on exertion.
This is a late development in the disease, after irreversible changes have occurred |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When examining the chest of a person with COPD what changes will be seen? |
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Definition
1. increase in AP diameter
2. increase in intercostal spaces
3. On inspiration diminished movement of the chest wall and increased movement of the abdominal wall.
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