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An observable, measurable movement of some part of the body through space and time.
If a dead man cannot do it, it is behavior. |
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A specific instance of behavior.
"Action of an organism's effector". |
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A group of responses with the same function.
Each response produces the same effect on the enviroment.
R1____S1
R2______S1
R3_________S1 |
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Definition
All of the behaviors that a person can do.
or
A set or collection of knowledge and skills a person has learned that are relevant to particular settings or task.
All the behavior an organism is capable of emitting on the basis of species and environmental history |
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All of the events and stimuli that affect the behavior of an organism. The environment includes events "inside the skin" like thinking, hormonal changes, and pain stimulation. |
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A physical object or event that has an effect on the behavior of an individual. Stimuli may be internal (e.g., pressure, pain, covert statements) or external to the person. Stimuli that frequently are arranged in behavior analysis programs include reinforcing stimuli, aversive stimuli, and discriminative stimuli.
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To any group of stimuli sharing a predetermined set of common elements in one or more of those dimensions. Stimuli that vary across physical dimensions but have a common effect on behavior.
R1_____S1
R2_____S1
R3_____S1 |
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To enviromental conditions or stimulus changes that exist or occur prior to the behavior of interest. |
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The organism's genetic endowment, a product of natural evolution becuase of its survival value to the species. A relationship between an eliciting stimulus and an elicited response such as the contraction of the pupil of the eye as a result of shining light on it. |
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An behavior that is elicited by antecedent stimuli. (RESPONDENT, UNCONDITIONED REFLEX, CONDITIONED REFLEX). |
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A new stimulis elicting a response based on a history of association with a biologically important stimulus.
Pavlov Dogs
NS + US(metronome+food powder)_____UR (salivation)
Repeated |
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Stimulus-Stimulus Pairing |
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Definition
A procedure in which two stimuli are presented at the same time, usually repeatedly for a number of trials, which often results in one stimulus acquiring the function of the other stimulus |
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Unconditioned Stimulus (US) |
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Definition
A stimulus that elicts the wanted response without pairing.
US(Food powder)_____UR (Salivation)
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Stimulus that has no response from the organism.
NS(Metronome)______UR(Salivation) |
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Conditioned Stimulus (CS) |
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Definition
The stimulus that can elicts the response from the organism after pairing.
Metronome sounds made the dogs salivate without food powder. |
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The organisms response to the conditioned stimulus after pairing
NS(metronome) turn into US_____UR (salivation)turns into CR |
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Definition
The procedure of repeatedly presenting a conditioned stimulus (CS) without the unconditioned stimulus (US) until the CS no longer elicits the conditioned response (CR)
CS(metronome)_____CR (salivation)
Reapted
CS(metronome)_____no response |
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Higher Order Conditioning |
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Is the stimulus-stimulus conditioning which pairs a neutral stimulus (NS) with a conditioned stimulus(CS). |
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Behavior that is selected, maintained, and brought under stimulus control as a function of its consequences; each person's repertoire of this type of behavior is a product of his history of interactions with the environment (ontogeny). |
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Selection by Consequences |
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Definition
The fundamental principle underlying operant conditioning; the basic tenet is that all forms of (operant) behavior, from simple to complex, are selected, shaped, and maintained by their consequences during an individual's life time.
Darwin's concept of natural selection
Touch the stove___burn hand___doesnt touch stove again |
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The development or evolutionary history of a species.
Darwin's Theory |
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The basic process by which operant learning occurs; consequences (stimulus changes immediately following responses) result in an increased (reinforcement) or decreased (punishment) frequency of the same type of behavior under similar motivational and environmental conditions in the future. |
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A stimulus change that increases the future frequency of behavior that immediately precedes it. |
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A stimulus change that decreases the future frequency of behavior that immediately precedes it. |
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Automaticity of Reinforcement |
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The behavior that is modified by it's consequences regardless of whether the individual is aware of reinforcement. |
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Definition
Occurs when a stimulus is applied changing the frequency of the behavior in the future.
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Occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the presentation of a stimulus that increases the future frequency of the behavior in similar conditions.
+stimulus___<Behavior |
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Occurs when a behavior is followed immediately by the removal of a stimulus that decreases the future frequency of the behavior in similar conditions.
-Stimulu____>Behavior |
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Definition
A stimulus change or condition that functions
a). to evoque a behavior that has terminated in the past;
b). as a punisher when presented following behavior,
c). as a reinforcer when withdrawn following behavior.
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Definition
The discontinuing of a reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior (i.e. responses no longer produce reinforcement) |
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Definition
When a behavior is followed by a stimulus change that decrease the future frequency of that type behavior. |
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A stimulus change that increases the frequency of any behavior that immediately precedes it irrespective of the organism's learning history with the stimulus. |
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Behavior is largely a product of its environment. Behavior is strengthened or weakened by its consequences. |
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A research-based, technologically consistent method for changing behavior that has been derived from one or more basic princples of behavior and that possesses sufficient generality across subjects, settings, and/or behavior to warrant its condification and dissemination. |
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Motivating Operation (MO) |
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Definition
An environmental variable that
a). alters (increases or decreases) the reinforcing or punishing effectiveness of some stimulus, object, or event.
b). alters (increases or decreases) the current frequency of all behavior that has been reinforced or punished by that stimulus, object, or event. |
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Definition
The act of not having a stimulus for a "long" period of time o a procedure for increasing the effectiveness of a reinforcer (eg. withholding a person's access to a reinforcer for a specified period of time prior to a session) |
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The act of having a stimulus for a sigificant amount of time or quantity procedure for reducing the effectiveness of a reinforcer (eg. presenting a person with copious amounts of a reinforcing stimulus prior to a session) |
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A stimulus that decrease the future frequncy of behavior without pairing. |
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A stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more other reinforcers; sometimes called secondary or learned reinforcer. |
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A previously neutral stimulus change that functions as a punisher because of prior pairing with one or more punishers; sometimes called secondary or learned punisher. |
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A behavior that occurs more frequently under some antecedent conditions than other conditions. |
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A situation in which the frequency, latency, duration, or amplitude of a behavior is altered by the presence or absence of an antecedent stimulus. |
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Discriminative Stimulus (SD) |
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The andecedent that has been pair to "trigger" a behavior.
The phone rings; You answer the phone |
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The basic unit of analysis in the analysis of operant behavior; Antecedent, Behavior, and Consequence the ABC of ABA. |
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Refers to dependent and/or temporal relations between operant behavior and its controlling variables. |
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Describes reinforcement (or punishment) that is delivered only after the target behavior has occurred. |
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The study of the events that happen during the life of an organism. |
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An inclusive term referring in general to all of a person's learning experiences and more specifically to past conditioning with respect to particular response classes or aspects of a person's repertoire. |
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A stimus change that follows a behavior of interest and has a significant influence on future behavior. |
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The process of a gradually diminished response strength. |
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