Term
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Definition
| you want to make microbes grow: industrial fermentation |
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Term
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Definition
| you want to destroy microbes |
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Term
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Definition
| killing of all lifeforms including endospores in the object or on the surface |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| presence of pathogens or their toxins in tissues or blood |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction of vegetative pathogens on living tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanical removal of microbes from the skin |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| suffix given to an agent that kills |
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Term
| How does a "-cide" agent work? |
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Definition
| by denaturing proteins (irreversible) |
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Term
| 6 physical agents that control microbial growth |
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Definition
- heat
- low temperatures
- filtration
- sonication
- desiccation
- radiation
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Term
| How does heat control microbial growth? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| lowest temp at which all microbes will be killed in 10 minutes |
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Term
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Definition
| shortest length of time required to kill all microbes at a specific temperature |
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Term
| How does moist heat compare to dry heat? |
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Definition
more effective and more penetrating than dry heat
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Term
| Boiling at 100*C for 30 min |
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Definition
kills all microorganisms except some endospores (sterilization) |
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Term
| Boiling at 100*C for 10 min. |
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Definition
kills most vegetative cells but not spores (disinfection) |
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Term
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Definition
- steam under pressure
- application of moist heat above the normal-atmosphere boiling point of water
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Term
| How does autoclaving control microbial growth? |
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Definition
| kills all forms of life including endospores |
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Term
| Pasteurization: what is it and what is its limitation? |
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Definition
- use of moist heat of less-than boiling temperatures to foods to prevent the growth of food-spoiling organisms
- does not kill all microbes
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Term
| How does application of dry heat compare to moist heat? |
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Definition
requires higher temps than moist heat to result in sterilization
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Term
Baking: 2 common sterilizing treatments |
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Definition
Baking in hot air oven at 160* C for 2-4 hours or 170* for 1 hour are common sterilizing treatments |
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Term
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Definition
vaporizing organic material on nonflammable surfaces (<500* C) ex: flaming loops |
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Term
low temperatures: what does it do? |
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Definition
- slow down bacterial metabolism
- bacteriostatic effect
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Term
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Definition
short term solution that slows the growth of organisms rather than preventing it |
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Term
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Definition
- delays organisms' metabolism
- pathogens can survive in freezer
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Term
| What is filtration and why would you use it instead of using heat? |
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Definition
- physical removal of all cells in a liquid or gas
- for sterilizing solutions that would be denatured by heat
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Term
| What is the limitation of filtration? |
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Definition
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Term
| Common uses of filtration (4) |
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Definition
- water testing
- in pools and aquariums
- for beer and wine production
- high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters
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Term
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Definition
ultrasonic waves are transmitted through a
water-filled chamber (sonicator) that causes
cells to burst |
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Term
Dessication and osmotic pressure: what is it? |
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Definition
drying - removal of water
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Term
| What is dessication used for? |
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Definition
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Term
| 7 chemical agents that control microbial growth |
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Definition
- alcohols
- iodine
- chlorine gas
- heavy metals
- surfactants
- phenolic compounds
- chemical food preservatives
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Term
| 5 principles of effective disinfection |
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Definition
- concentration of disinfectant
- organic matter
- pH
- time
- type of microorganism
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Term
| alcohols: examples and uses |
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Definition
- ethanol, isopropanol
- antiseptic used on skin (degerming)
- to disinfect glass instruments
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Term
| heavy metals: what does it do? 4 examples and its uses |
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Definition
- denatures proteins
- silver nitrate - to treat the eyes of newborns
- copper sulfate - to treat ponds as an anti-algal
- selenium - anti-fungals
- zinc - in mouthwash
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Term
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Definition
skin antiseptics disinfectants |
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Term
| phenolic compounds are what at low concentrations and what at high concentrations? |
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Definition
antiseptics at low concentrations
disinfectants at high concentrations
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Term
| active ingredient of phenolic compounds |
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Definition
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