Term
|
Definition
1. Grew out of the artistic heritage of the Roman Empire and the legacy of the ealy Christian church.
2. Mixed "Barbarian"
3. Interplay b/w elements of Classical, early Christian and "Pagan" art. |
|
|
Term
| Church of the Holy Wisdom, Constantinople. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stories of life and deeds of Jesus Christ. In its widest sense, the phrase "the Christian church" is "the Body of Jesus Christ." |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not favored under the critical eye of the Christian church. |
|
|
Term
| Painting and two-dimensional art... |
|
Definition
| Attacked art as a direct challenge to the creative authority of God. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Christ as the Good Shepard, (camouflaged symbolism could be read and understood on a number of levels without revealing its true intentions to the wrong people). |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Have their origins in pagan imagery: items as diverse as the dove (the Holy Spirit), the fish (baptism, Christ), the sun (truth), the feast (the Eucharist), and the sheperd (Christ) can all be traced back to earlier cultures.
2. Intermingling of Pagan iconography. |
|
|
Term
| Early Christianity and Architecture: |
|
Definition
(1) Religious art.
(2) Clerestory - nat. illumination.
(3) Relied on previous artistic and architectural traditions for a grand visual expression. |
|
|
Term
| Light "natural illumination": |
|
Definition
(1) principle/symbol of Wisdom.
(2) great visual expression.
(3) accentuate interior volume of structure.
(4) ability to visually lift ceilings and -
(5) speak of the mercy and wisdom of God. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (1) control faithful and inspire masses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hagia Sophia, Exterior, Istanbul |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hagia Sophia, Interior, Istanbul |
|
Definition
(1) Mosaic works
(2) Dome = Christ supporting Heaven. |
|
|
Term
| Hagia Sophia, general, Istanbul |
|
Definition
(1) Vision of the young faith.
(2) 41 ft. larger than Pantheon in Rome.
(3) New Architectural design: pendentive.
(4) Light illusion = dome floats.
(5) Dome = consummate poetry of space = Heavens
(6) Living metaphor of the majesty of the faith. |
|
|
Term
| Basilica format from Roman secular architecture and the dome, which was associated with imperial monuments... |
|
Definition
| Relates to early Christian architecture |
|
|
Term
| A specific Christian architectural concept favored among builders is: |
|
Definition
| (1) Divine quality of light. |
|
|
Term
| A favored medium among early Christian artists is: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(1) practical form of art making.
(2) colored stone, glass, or ceramic "tesserae" are adhered to surfaces such as floors, walls, and ceilings, becoming more or less permanent fixtures. |
|
|
Term
| The first documented mosaic works were: |
|
Definition
| (1) floor designed "simple black and white pebble designs" |
|
|
Term
| Tesserae relates to what form of art, and allows for sharpened quality of what two elements of art? |
|
Definition
(1) mosaic.
(2) Greater light and color attributes. |
|
|
Term
| The color "Blue" is significant to early Christian artists because: |
|
Definition
| (1) blue - dynamic; clothing of the sky; helps provoke presence of God. |
|
|
Term
| The color "Gold" is as significant to early Christian artists as the symbology of the candle because: |
|
Definition
(1) gold - candle dance;
(2) candles = a warm subtle golden glow
(3) helps provoke presence of God. |
|
|
Term
| Early Christian artists and church officials favored the placement of tesserae (especially glass) at different angles because: |
|
Definition
| (1) Uneven surfaces provided lighting effets; (2) specifically, glass and stone generated reflective effects. |
|
|
Term
| Early Christian mosaics obviously derived much of their technical prowess from "what" precedents? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aside from mosaic mediums of Christian art, another popular medium for the Christian artist was: |
|
Definition
| (1) cloisonne enamel work. |
|
|
Term
| Cloisonne enamel work had specific technical complexities that did not easily translate into subtle modulations of tone and color, and like mosaic, it had important repercussions on how Christians continued to render figures because: |
|
Definition
| (A) New standard of design providing simulataneous functions; (1) flatform, provides: (1a)clarity; enhances strength of vision; striking; (1b)outlined fig.; (1c)strong transistions of color; (1d)excuses misrepresentation of fig.; |
|
|
Term
| Cloisonne enamel works often provide a didactic function, why? |
|
Definition
| (A:) enables a viewer to learn from it, while concurrently evoking "emotional responses" very different from the probable effect on original audiences. |
|
|
Term
| Elaborate on the most significant two-dimensional art form produced by early Christians. |
|
Definition
| (A:) The Icon: most icons possess the same pictorial qualities as both mosaic and cloisonne enamel: (*)flatness of design, strong transitions of color, and abstracted figures, all of which enable the image to function on a number of levels simultaneously. (*) example: didactic function (story-telling, emotional response). |
|
|
Term
| How did early Christian artists and church officials deploy the use of icons? |
|
Definition
| Early Christian artists and church officials employed icons to deliver and echo the interests of the masses. Early Christian art was primarily concerned with converting the masses, and used visual images to help tell stories about the life and deeds of Jesus Christ. |
|
|
Term
| (True or False): The best images of early Christian art became extremely illustrative because shape was of utmost importance among missionary work. |
|
Definition
| (FALSE): The best images of early Christian art became extremely illustrative because "CLARITY" was of utmost importance among missionary work. |
|
|
Term
| (TRUE/FALSE): There was a greater need for images and objects that reinforced aspects of Christian teaching because group worship became more important in Christianity. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Images and objects that not only reinforced aspects of Christianity also provided a more introspective and contemplative focus. How was this meditative function of art achieved by artists? |
|
Definition
| (A) The mediative function of art was achieved by simply reorienting some of the features of the previous didactic format. (1) Artists removed the figures from the narrative which allowed the subject to exist in a "non-historical time" context. (*)When a background is removed from a figure, the subject is portrayed without a sense of place and time and thus, capable of entering personal communion in present tense. |
|
|
Term
| Church of San Vitale, Ravenna, mosaics. |
|
Definition
(Architecture): Double octogonal shell with domed octogonal cone. Byzantine style.
(Art): Jeweled cross, liturgical devices, golden path: mosaic chalice. |
|
|
Term
| Historically the Renaissance held a prominent position in texts on Western Art. Why? |
|
Definition
| (p.168): Meaning "rebirth." It is generally used to define the period in European culture between 1400 and 1600, when there was a renewed interest in Classical scholarship and art. |
|
|
Term
| Qualities of Renaissance Architecture: |
|
Definition
(*) Often in regards to Classical building principles:
(1) symmetry
(2) balance
(3) simple design
(4) harmonious interplay b/w parts |
|
|
Term
| Michelangelo and Raphael can be said to have embodied the Renaissance spirit in painting and sculpture, it is "BLANK" that one must turn when considering architecture. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Scholars from the Renaissance taught what form of style and culture? |
|
Definition
| (A:) Scholars taught classical style and culture. |
|
|
Term
| Cultural characteristics of the Renaissance are defined by: |
|
Definition
(1) A time of trade, exploration, and discovery.
(2) Rise of humanities - humanism.
(3) Importance of education - liberal arts
(4) Wealthy patrons = $funding$projects
(5) Status of artist is elevated. |
|
|
Term
| Technological trades (i.e. inventions) of the Renaissance are: |
|
Definition
(1) oil painting
(2) moveable type printing press
(3) printmaking achievements put it on equal level with painting and sculpture. |
|
|
Term
| Name the seven artistic practices of the Renaissance. |
|
Definition
|
|
