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Definition
| The interaction between a group of people who share a common interest or issue |
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| Using internet's network groups (e.g., Facebook, Twitter) to network and communicate between consumers and businesses, friends, family & neighbors |
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| Willful and repeated harm, inflicted through the use of computers, cell phones, and other electronic devices. |
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| A type of electronic aggression |
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| Any type of harassment or bullying via e-mail, chatroom, instant messaging, a website/blogs, texting, or videos/pictures posted on websites or sent through cell phones |
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| Online Health communities (OHCs) |
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Definition
| online environments in which users interact with one another around a set of common interests or shared purpose related to health |
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| Discussion boards, chat, virtual environments, email, IM |
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Definition
| Online Health communities (OHCs) |
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Term
| Newman et al. (2011) – Know the 6 goals for using social networks and Online Health Communities |
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Definition
Emotional support
Motivation
Advice
Impression management
Building & shaping the network |
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| Most commonly cited goal for interacting with others around health among P’s in their struggles to lose weight & manage diabetes |
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| People w/same struggles provided positive & encouraging responses |
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| Counted on for rapid response at any time of day or night |
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| Significant goal in driving people’s health-related interactions online |
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| Participants sought to engage with others in order to remain accountable for making progress w/health goals |
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| Sharing one’s progress in sticking to a plan in a way that was visible to others |
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| Inspiration via specific role models, others who had achieved their weight loss goals or had successfully managed their diabetes |
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| Competing w/someone perceived as similar who would handle situations similarly (e.g., family member w/ AD |
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| Virtual gifts to create reciprocal system of encouragement w/redeemable points |
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| Critical components of online interactions around health |
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| Act as a health-enhancing goal |
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| Concerns about self-presentation often acted as a constraint on info-sharing to further other goals |
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| Activities to build & shape their support networks to ensure access to the “right” people to help w/goals |
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Definition
| Building & shaping the network |
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| Citizens of the U.S. do not yet have a |
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Definition
| constitutional right to health care |
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Term
| Canada Health Care delivered through |
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Definition
| a publicly-funded health care system |
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| Canada Health Care guided by the |
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Definition
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| Canada's Gov’t assures quality of care through |
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Definition
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| Obama’s Healthcare Overhaul includes more of a focus on |
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Definition
| preventive medicine & practices |
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Term
| Examples of prevention in Obama’s Healthcare |
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Definition
Exercise to prevent obesity
Healthy diet to prevent heart disease & diabetes |
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Term
| US Public insurance option |
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Definition
Funded by the US Federal Gov’t
Initially keep rates for services between Medicare and most private insurers, but potential cost-shifting to private insurers
Fear increasing socialism |
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Definition
| Ability to interact effectively with people of different cultures. |
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| Awareness of one's own cultural worldview |
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Definition
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| Attitude towards cultural differences |
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Definition
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| Knowledge of different cultural practices and worldviews |
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| social determinants of health |
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Definition
| economic and social conditions under which people live that ultimately determine their health |
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Definition
| gaps in quality of health & HC across racial, ethnic, sexual orientation & SES |
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Definition
| absence of persistent health differences over time, between racial and ethnic groups. |
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Definition
| belief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group |
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Definition
Comprehensive assessment of mortality and morbidity due to diseases, injuries and risk factors for all regions of the world
• Examples: HIV & AIDS, TB, malaria, CVD, etc. |
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| Within the same country, health is tied to |
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Definition
social disadvantage
• Glasgow, Scotland: Life expectancy= 54, Lenzie, Scotland= 82 (few miles away) |
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| Koh (2010) – The four lenses for viewing health disparities |
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Definition
By disease
By population
By risk factor
By geography |
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| viewing health disparities by disease examples |
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Definition
Cancer
Cardiovascular disease
HIV/AIDS
Diabetes |
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| viewing health disparities by population examples |
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Definition
Race/ Ethnicity
Socioeconomic position
Gender
Age |
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Term
| viewing health disparities by risk factor examples |
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Definition
Substance abuse (including tobacco)
Diet and weight
Vaccination status
Screening status |
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| viewing health disparities by geography examples |
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Definition
Urban versus rural
Developed versus developing countries
Neighborhood segregation |
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Term
| The goal of the syringe exchange program |
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Definition
| to reduce (and eventually eliminate) the transmission of blood-borne pathogens, such as HIV and Hep C, among drug users |
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Term
| __ out of 10 who share needles test positive for HIV |
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Definition
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Term
| Can be stationary or mobile |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| provide materials and safe environment specifically for injection drug users; typically stationary. |
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Term
| NASEN’s Three-Fold Mission |
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Definition
• Support syringe exchange programs via technical & financial assistance programs
• Expand & support the network of individuals & orgs interested in syringe exchange as an effective public health intervention
• Distribute information related to syringe exchange & disease prevention |
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Term
| Pros of syringe exchange programs |
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Definition
Helping users to get treatment
Testing, vaccination, education
Cost- effective & less burden on HC system
Increase crime rate |
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Term
| Cons of syringe exchange programs |
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Definition
Increase drug use
The principle of the programs
Spread diseases
Effects on the community |
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Term
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Definition
| A geographical region where a particular disease is prevalent |
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Term
| examples of of endemic areas and their diseases |
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Definition
Haiti (e.g., cholera)
South Africa (e.g., HIV & AIDS)
Latin America & Africa (e.g., Yellow Fever) |
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Term
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Definition
| Affecting or tending to affect a disproportionately large number of individuals within a population, community, or region at the same time. |
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| Occurs when the incidence rate of a certain disease substantially exceeds what is "expected," based on recent experience. |
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| Epidemic of an infectious disease that spreads through human populations across a large region, such as a continent. |
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Definition
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Definition
| An infectious disease whose incidence has increased in the past 20 years and threatens to increase in the near future |
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Term
| Examples of emerging infections |
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Definition
| SARS, AIDS, pandemic flu (strains) |
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Term
| Reasons for emerging infections |
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Definition
Microbial adaption (strains)
Changing human susceptibility (immunocompromised)
Climate & weather change (insect vectors & humid conditions)
Changing human demographics & trade
Economic development
Breakdown of public health (Haiti—poor sanitation)
War & famine |
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Definition
| Multi-level & multi-stakeholder interaction between health and foreign policy |
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| Goals of global health diplomacy |
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Definition
Security development
Global public goods
Trade
Human rights
Ethical/moral reasoning |
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Term
| Geographic & Information Systems (GIS) |
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Definition
| Collection of science and technology tools used to manage geographic relationships and integrate information. |
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| Helps us analyze spatially-referenced data and make well-informed decisions based on the association between the data and the geography. |
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Definition
| Geographic & Information Systems (GIS) |
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| Refers to both the software and hardware that make up the system of digital databases and layered maps. |
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Definition
| Geographic & Information Systems (GIS) |
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| GIS plays an important part in |
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Definition
| health promotion and protection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Integrate many different types of data |
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Term
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Definition
Draw maps and visualize spatial distributions
Edit and alter existing data
Accurately measure distances and areas
Overlay maps of different areas
Internet GIS for public access |
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Term
| How is GIS applicable to public health? |
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Definition
Research Tools and Planning
Spatial Decision Support Systems
Emergency Response Systems |
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Term
| GIS with Research Tools and Planning |
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Definition
Constructing mathematical models
Service planning and optimisation
Making predictions |
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Term
| GIS with Spatial Decision Support Systems |
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Definition
Infrastructure – roads, towns, services
Census – population statistics
Medical resource (hospitals, clinics, available beds) |
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Term
| GIS with Emergency Response Systems |
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Definition
Medicare records, 911 services
Disease registers systems |
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Term
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Definition
Communication Gaps between epidemiologists & spatial professionals
Require uniform data standards
Privacy issues and spatial aggregation |
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Term
| The main federal agency charged with the enforcement of safety and health legislation: |
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Definition
| Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA) |
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Term
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Definition
Assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women
Setting and enforcing standards
Providing training, outreach, education and assistance |
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Term
| An injury that occurred without anyone intending harm; injuries that were unplanned or not intended to happen |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of Unintentional Injuries |
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Definition
Motor vehicle crashes
Fires
Drownings |
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Term
| Leading Causes of Death in the Home |
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Definition
1. Poisonings
2. Falls
3. Drownings
4. Burns |
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Term
| More than ______ deaths from injury each year |
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Definition
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Term
| Persons at high-risk should be screened for HIV |
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Definition
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Term
| CDC Recommendations for HIV and Pregnant Women |
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Definition
Included in routine panel of prenatal screening tests
Repeat screening in the third trimester is recommended |
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Term
| Pros to Omitting Pretest Counseling |
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Definition
Those who test positive will receive in-depth posttest counseling
Saving time for both the patient and the health care workers
Cheaper because you can see more patients and you don’t have to hire trained counselors |
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Term
| Cons of Omitting Pretest Counseling |
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Definition
Providers may feel that they are not providing thorough care
People are uneducated about the disease and the testing and why its important
Stigma attached to HIV testing |
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Term
| False positive test happens ____ of the time- both the rapid and traditional |
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Definition
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Term
| Occupations or circumstances for mandatory HIV testing |
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Definition
Health Care professionals
Food service
Athletes
Sanitation workers
Law enforcement |
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Term
| The seven indicators that a particular patient may be a victim of human trafficking |
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Definition
The patient is accompanied by another person who seems controlling;
The accompanying person insists on giving health in- formation;
The patient has visible signs of physical abuse
The patient acts unusually fearful or submissive
The patient does not speak English;
The patient has recently been brought to this country from Eastern Europe, Asia, Latin America, Canada, Africa, or India; and/or
The patient lacks a passport, immigration, or identification documentation. |
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| Examines how major pharmaceutical companies determine which health problems are publicized and researched. |
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Definition
| Big Pharma: How the World's Biggest Drug Companies Control Illness (2006) by Jacky Law |
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| Encompasses the largest players in the pharmaceutical industry |
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Definition
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| Largest industries in the pharmaceutical industry |
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Definition
| Bristol-Myers Squibb, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Monsanto, Pfizer, etc. |
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| Marketing of pharmaceutical products that is directed toward patients and not healthcare professionals |
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Definition
| Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTC) |
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| Responsible for Direct-to-Consumer Advertising |
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Definition
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| Primary ethical issue with Direct-to-Consumer Advertising |
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Definition
| Influence the prescribing of prescription meds based on consumer demands; however, they may not be medically necessary. |
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| Modern slavery still exists in society under the name of |
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Definition
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