Term
| What do sociologists focus on in their explanations of human behavior? |
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Definition
| Why people assume different roles in their lives and why people don’t always do what they’re supposed to do. |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of human behavior in a social context |
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Definition
| patterns of social reactions formed during face-to-face interaction |
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Definition
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Definition
| interpersonal communication in micro-level social settings |
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Definition
| ability to generalize all populations and samples |
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Definition
| field research observing people and participating in their lives over a long period |
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Definition
| interpretations are always accurate |
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Term
| What is an experiment and what is the problem with it? |
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Definition
| carefully controlled artificial situations, but the problem with it is that its not an actual situation |
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Term
| What are some research methods including existing documents and statistics? |
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Definition
| Field research, participant observation, documents (such as diaries, newspapers, historical works) statistics (census data, police crime reports and records of key life events) |
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Term
| What's the first step in the research cycle? |
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Definition
| formulate a research question |
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Term
| When conducting research on human subjects, what do sociologists need to be mindful of ? |
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Definition
| be mindful of subjects’ rights. |
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Term
| What's the difference between independent and dependent variables? |
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Definition
| Independent is the cause and dependent is the effect |
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Term
| What do we need to know about research methods and bias? |
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Definition
| Bias is never eliminated entirely. |
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Term
| Emile Durkheim’s study of suicide – What did it demonstrate? |
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Definition
| Suicide and the level of social solidarity are correlated |
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Term
| August Comte - Who is he? |
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Definition
| coined the term sociology and wanted to study of society have a scientific foundation |
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Term
| Karl Marx – What about his idea of class consciousness? |
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Definition
| encouraged workers to create unions |
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Term
| W.E.B. Du Bois – Who was he? |
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Definition
| first African-American to get a Ph.D from Harvard |
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Term
| Max Weber – The study of Protestantism and the development of capitalism meant... |
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Definition
| capitalism was based on a Protestantism ethic |
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Term
| What is culture and how does it help people? |
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Definition
| Culture is the sum of practices, languages, symbols, beliefs and values and it helps people deal with life and adapt. |
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Definition
| culture consumed by all classes |
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Definition
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| shared set of rules; what’s right and wrong |
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Definition
| a norm that is vital to life |
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Definition
| using tools and techniques |
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Definition
| rewards and punishments to ensure conformity |
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Definition
| to judge other cultures exclusively by the standards of ones own |
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Definition
| cultural ceremonies that mark a transition from one stage in life to another |
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Definition
| formally separate states, and cultures being tied together |
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Term
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Definition
| formal cultural using eclectic mixing of cultural elements |
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Definition
| the most efficient means to achieve goals |
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Definition
| set of distinctive values, norms, and practices within a larger culture |
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Definition
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Definition
| they have the most severe punishments |
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Term
| What are the main tools of the human cultural survival kit? |
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Definition
| production, abstraction (creating general ideas), cooperation (creating a complex social life) |
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Term
| Do people just accept culture? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do humans have the ability to adapt to their environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| In 2002, what % of the English usage accounted for all the languages used on the Internet? |
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Definition
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Term
The tendency to define ourselves in terms of the goods we purchase is not just a simple reflection
of personal choice. This tendency is also important why? |
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Definition
| It ensures that the products we produce can be sold |
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Term
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Definition
| tendency of symbolic culture to change more slowly than material culture |
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Term
| What are the stages in Mead’s development of the self? |
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Definition
-Imitating other people,
- pretending to be people,
- taking several roles simultaneously,
- taking role of the generalized other |
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Term
| When does socialization begin? How long does it continue? |
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Definition
| It starts at birth and continues through the rest of life |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior expected of a person occupying a particular position in society |
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Term
| What is The unconscious – coined by Sigmund Freud - and gender bias? |
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Definition
| part of self that suppresses memories; Sigmund Freud was male-oriented in his research. |
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Term
| What is George Herbert Mead's research based on the Looking Glass Self? |
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Definition
| Mead took on Charles Cooley’s idea of the self-concept coming from how people look at us (The looking glass) and developing the four stages of development. |
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Term
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Definition
| socialization occurring outside the family |
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Term
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Definition
| when you expect something, it will happen |
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Term
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Definition
| group of people of the same age and status. Acts as an agent of socialization |
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Term
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Definition
| completely changing yourself |
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Term
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Definition
| places where people are isolated from society |
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Term
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Definition
| ritual that signifies moving from one group to another |
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Term
| What did Carol Gilligan’s research show about boys and girls? |
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Definition
| Cultural standards were passed on to boys and girls |
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Term
| why do poor and racial minority families reject the hidden curriculum in schools? |
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Definition
| The families are skeptical of the schools ability to help prepare students for good jobs |
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Term
| How does the mass media help the youth? |
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Definition
| It helps youth construct their identities |
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Term
| What is the most important agent in primary socialization? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is creating and changing problems for childhood and adolescence? |
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Definition
| Declining adult supervision, media influence, decreased extra curricular activities, and increasing adult responsibilities |
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Term
| What is the most important factor contribution to the flexibility of the self? |
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Definition
| The process of globalization |
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Term
| What is an important fact that about parent-adolescent conflict and peer groups? |
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Definition
Parent-adolescent conflict is often temporary and in the long run families exert
more influence on adolescents than peer groups. Moreover, peer groups typically help
members to integrate into the larger society and thus often serve as a source of social stability. |
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Term
| Do children raised in isolation develop normally? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| communicating face-to-face |
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Term
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Definition
| When people try to control the impressions people form of them |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of methods ordinary people use |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| rigid views of how various groups act |
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Term
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Definition
| obeying “feeling rules” and responding appropriately to situations |
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Term
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Definition
| maximized benefit; minimized cost |
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Term
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Definition
| cluster of roles attached to a single meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| when two roles are held at the same time and place contradictory role demands on a person |
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Term
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Definition
| what’s expected not to do |
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Term
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Definition
| Social interaction involves trade in valued resources |
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Term
| What performs an important part of all social interactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the characteristics of Europe as late as 1600? |
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Definition
| Life expectancy was 35 years, infants died at birth, disease, people didn’t form emotional attachments to their kids in case they died early, and people had disgusting manners |
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Term
| What were the requirements for being a stewardess (flight attendant) until 1968 |
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Definition
| They could not be pregnant, had to be pretty, had to have a great smile, and had to be slim. |
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Term
| What processes help maintain social interaction? |
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Definition
| domination, competition, and cooperation |
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Term
| what characteristics can a conversation have? |
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Definition
| it can be a competition for attention or a social interaction |
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Term
| Who developed dramaturgical analysis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What theory that regards people as active, creative,and self-reflective in their everyday life? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were manners like in the Middle ages? |
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Definition
| People had disgusting manners like belching in front of the king , spitting in public, eating with their hands, and passing gas at the dinner table |
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Term
| What is it about power and Weber? |
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Definition
| Weber wrote that power is when people carry out their own will despite resistance |
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Term
| What changed with the emotional life of workers? |
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Definition
| Since work is now centered on production of services, workers now have to manage their emotions while making the customer happy. |
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Term
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Definition
| large organization with positions organized in a hierarchy |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of people with similar status but do not identify with each other |
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Term
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Definition
| large, impersonal groups with weaker emotional ties than Primary |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| viewing people as standard or inferior |
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Term
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Definition
| letting people do what they want |
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Term
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Definition
| demands strict compliance from subordinates |
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Term
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Definition
| group pressure to conform despite what you think |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| networks of people who identify with each other and follow norms |
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Term
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Definition
| secondary groups that achieve objectives |
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Term
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Definition
| bureaucracy continuing their policy even when the client’s needs change |
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Term
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Definition
| social interaction between three social units |
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Term
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Definition
| social interaction between two social units |
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Term
| What is Stanley Milgram's experiment? |
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Definition
| Experiment where an actor was strapped into a chair and if they go an answer wrong, they’d be give a 15-volt shock. Experimental subjects would give the shocks and increase the voltage each time, and no matter how much the actor screamed, they still continued to shock the actor. |
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Term
| Why didn’t more people resist the Nazis and why did ordinary German citizens support this endeavor is discussed by Brym when he talks about the Holocaust. What is he talking about? |
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Definition
| ( I’m not sure of this answer because what he’s talking about is in the previous sentence about what Brym discussed but..) He was thinking about the sociological influences on the soldiers that killed millions of people and the citizens who just stood by and watched. |
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Term
| Who will provide the most useful information about employment opportunities? |
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Definition
| Your acquaintances who you have weak ties with |
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Term
| How did HIV/AIDS initially spread in Africa? |
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Definition
| It spread from truck drivers who hired prostitutes |
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Term
| How can bureaucracies be improved? |
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Definition
| they can be improved by making them flatter and decentralized with more lines of communication |
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Term
| What act(s) as boundaries separating groups? |
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Definition
| When people compete for scare resource or need to protect their self-esteem |
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Term
| Where was the proportion of Jews killed during WWII the highest? |
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Definition
| In places where Nazi bureaucracy was best organized (places like Holland) |
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Term
| When are you more likely to get an infectious disease the more social contacts you have? |
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Definition
| The more social contacts you have the LESS likely you’ll get a disease. |
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