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| Hegemonic exchange is defined as a type of arrangement whereby the state facilitates coordination between the central government or ruling elite and other ethnic or regional interests to allow for mutual accommodation between them and facilitate peaceful coexistence (O’Flynn, 2010). |
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| A distinctive type of rule / political system in which the rivalries and struggle of powerful and willful men, rather than impersonal institutions, ideologies, public policies or class interest, are fundamental in shaping political life |
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Community of people with the conviction of a common fate and identity based around their origin, kinship ties, history
and cultural uniqueness |
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| education, per capita income, industrial income, media participation, political participation |
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| representation of all ethnical groups in sectors of the state. |
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| Ethnical arithmetic / Ethnic Balance and Proportionality |
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| . The proportional principles were implemented which meant that allocations of resources , government positions and representation in public institutions were implemented according the representation of the ethnic groups in the population . |
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