Term
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Definition
dead protective layer on trunk of tree |
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Term
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Definition
thin layer inside of bark which creates new bark cells to the outside and new wood cells to the inside |
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Term
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Definition
thick layer of living wood cells inside cambium
-distributes sap upward |
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Term
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Definition
darker, inner edge of sapwood made of dead cells |
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Term
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Definition
zone at the center of heartwood made of weak wood cells from first year of tree's growth |
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Term
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Definition
structure material of wood cells |
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Term
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Definition
soft binding material of wood cells |
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Term
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Definition
direction of the long axes of wood cells |
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Term
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Definition
wood from coniferous trees
-simpler microstructure made mostly of large tracheids and small number of rays |
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Term
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Definition
wood from broadleaf trees
-more complex in structure
-larger percentage of rays
-fibers and pores transport sap |
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Term
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Definition
wood from forests managed for long term ecological sustainability and economic viability |
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Term
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Definition
recycled wood from framing of demolished buildings |
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Term
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Definition
lengths of squared wood for use in construction |
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Term
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Definition
wood dividing method that produces maximum yield
-tends to warp during seasoning, vary in surface appearance, erode quicker
-structural use |
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Term
quartersawn
(rift or edge sawn) |
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Definition
sawing method that produces edge grain but with more waste of slab(more $)
-growth rings perpendicular to wider face of board
-withstands moisture, weathering, paint
-flooring, trim, furniture |
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Term
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Definition
first water to leave wood after it is cut |
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Term
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Definition
water residing within cellulose of cell walls after wood is cut |
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Term
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Definition
moisture content of wood is less than 19% (framing lumber 15%) |
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Term
equilibrium moisture content |
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Definition
EMC
moisture content of wood expected in the completed, conditioned building |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
controlled temp. and humidity conditions applied to dry wood |
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Term
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Definition
moisture shrinkage along the length of the log |
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Term
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Definition
shrinkage in the radial direction
-larger than longitudinal |
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Term
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Definition
shrinkage around the circumference of the log
-greater than radial and longitudinal |
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Term
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Definition
discontinuities in structure from tree itself
-knots(branch joins tree trunk)
-knotholes(loose knots dropping out of wood)
-decay
-insect damage |
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Term
manufacturing characteristics |
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Definition
discontinuities in lumber caused at the mill
-difference in shrinkage
-different grain orientation |
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Term
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Definition
caused by shrinkage stresses |
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Term
nonuniform shrinkage effects |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
irregular rounding of edges or faces due to sawing too close to log's perimeter |
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Term
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Definition
lumber sizes given in US
-different from actual size due to sawing, seasoning, surfacing
-2x10 becomes 1.5x9.25 |
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Term
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Definition
pieces of lumber less than 2 inches in nominal thickness |
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Term
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Definition
pieces ranging form 2 to 4 inches in nominal thickness |
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Term
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Definition
5 inches or more nominally |
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Term
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Definition
solid volume of 12 square inches in nominal cross sectional area and 1 foot long |
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Term
glue laminated wood
(glulam) |
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Definition
joining many smaller strips of wood together with glue
-used for size, shape, quality
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Term
finger jointed or scarf jointed |
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Definition
method used to end jointed between individal pieces when laminating |
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Term
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Definition
substitute composite laminated veneer lumber for the ususal solid wood top and bottom laminations in beam |
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Term
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Definition
thin strip of high strength fiber reinforced plastic between first and second laminations nearest the edge of the beam |
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Term
structural composite lumber
(engineered lumber) |
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Definition
substitutes for solid lumber made from wood veneers or wood fiber strands and glue |
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Term
Laminated stand lumber (LSL)
and
Oriented strand lumber (OSL) |
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Definition
shredded wood strands coated with adhesive, pressed into rectangular cross section, cured under heat and pressure |
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Term
Laminated veneer lumber (LVL) |
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Definition
thin wood veneer sheets glued and laminated into thicker members |
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Term
Parallel strand lumber PSL |
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Definition
long thin strips of wood veneer glued and pressed with strips more uniformly parallel |
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Term
structural finger-jointed lumber |
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Definition
short lengths of lumber scrap are finger jointed and glued end to end into longer lengths |
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Term
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Definition
wood fibers and plastics of various types, mixed with other ingredients which are then heated and pressed into a final form
-decking, railing, trim |
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Term
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Definition
lumber like products with a plastic content of 50% or more
-also recycled plastic lumber RPL |
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Term
structural grad plastic lumber
SGPL |
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Definition
at least as strong as conventional solid wood
-less stiff, more prone to long term creep under permanent loads |
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Term
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Definition
maximum loads that the structure may carry are increased as the length of time these loads will be carried decreases |
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Term
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Definition
thin layers of wood veneer glued together |
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Term
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Definition
two parallel face veneers bonded to a core of reconstituted wood fibers |
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Term
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Definition
-oriented strand board OSB
-Particle board
-fiberboard |
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Term
oriented strand board
OSB
waferboard |
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Definition
long shreds of wood compressed and glued into three to five layers |
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Term
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Definition
smaller particles than OSB
-underlayment panel |
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Term
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Definition
fine grained board made from wood fibers and synthetic resin binders
-interior only
-MDF |
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Term
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Definition
logs soaked in hot water to soften wood then rotated in large lathe against stationary knife that peels off a continuous strip of veneer |
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Term
medium density overlay
or
high density overlay
plywood |
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Definition
plywood finished with resin overlay in one or both sides
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Term
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Definition
square blocks of wood sliced for interior paneling or cabinetry like quartersawn lumber: tighter and more interesting grain than rotary sliced |
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Term
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Definition
load tested
-permits use of many types of woods and panels whicle achieveing same structural purpose |
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Term
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Definition
thin dense panel made of highly compresseed wood fibers |
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Term
insulating fiberboard sheathing |
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Definition
low density panel (1/2-3/4 in thick) made of wood or vegetable fibers and binders, coated with asphault for water resistance |
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Term
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Definition
made from finely recycled paper waste
-wall sheathing, acoustical isolation, carpet underlay |
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Term
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Definition
use in cabinetry and interior finish carpentry |
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Term
Fire-retardant treatment
FRT |
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Definition
lumber impregnanted under pressure with chemical salts that reduce combustibility |
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Term
preservative treated wood |
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Definition
used where decay or insect resistance is required |
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Term
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Definition
oily derivative of coal widely used to treat wood in engineering structures
-high odor and toxicity, unpaintable |
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Term
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Definition
preservative treated and fire retardant |
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Term
chromated copper arsenate
CCA |
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Definition
waterborne salt wood preservative
-toxicity, phased out of residential and commercial building |
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Term
Alkaline copper quat
ACQ
and
Copper Boron azoles
CBA |
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Definition
copper based wood preservatives |
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Term
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Definition
borate compunds, least toxic
-above ground only |
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Term
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Definition
drives preservative chemicals deep into fibers of wood |
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Term
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Definition
small cuts made in woods' surface to improve absorption |
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Term
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Definition
higher category numbers correspond to mroe intensive preservative treatment and suitability for more severe exposure |
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Term
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Definition
sharp-pointed metal pins that are driven into wood with hammer or nail gun |
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Term
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Definition
flat heads used for structural fastening in light frame construction |
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Term
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Definition
smaller in diameter, used to fasen finish woodwork
-less obtrusive |
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Term
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Definition
unit used in the US to measure nails
-abbreviated "d." |
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Term
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Definition
nails made of plain, uncoated steel |
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Term
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Definition
corrosion resistant nails |
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Term
three methods of fastening with nails |
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Definition
-face nailing
-end nailing
-toe nailing |
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Term
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Definition
smaller diameter, coated with resin that acts as lubricant when nail is driven |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
nails used in nail guns joined in linear arrays for swift loading |
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Term
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Definition
spiral threaded fasteners installed by turning action |
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Term
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Definition
require pilot hole, tightened with screwdriver |
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Term
self-drilling wood screws |
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Definition
don't require predrilledpilot holes, can use power drills |
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Term
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Definition
large screws for structural connections
-square or hexagon heads |
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Term
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Definition
used mainly for structural connections in heavy timber framing
-fasten ledgers, beams, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
flat steel disks inserted under hean of bolts to distribute the compressive force across greater area of the wood |
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Term
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Definition
used in conjunction with bolt and inserted in matching circular grooves in matting pieces of wood
-greater capacity by spreading the load across greater area |
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Term
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Definition
used in factory produced lightweight roof and floor trusses
-metal splice plates, each with alrge number of built in nails |
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Term
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Definition
most common metal plate device used for strengthening connections in wood framing |
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Term
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Definition
chemically stable exterior adhesive |
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Term
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Definition
framework supporting roof, floor, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
manufactured wood I-shaped members used for framing of roofs and floors |
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Term
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Definition
factory fabrication of dimension lumber and wood structural panels |
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Term
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Definition
sections of framing sheathed with a sheet of plywood or OSB |
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Term
structural insulated panel
SIP |
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Definition
panels joined with thick plastic foamcore |
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Term
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Definition
panels joined with dimension lumber framing |
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Term
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Definition
whole sections of walls or floors framed and sheathed in factory |
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Term
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Definition
built on its won, towable chassis |
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Term
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Definition
designed to comply with building code in effect where home will be located, transported on flatbed semi |
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Term
review:
changes in moisture content and effects on dimension of lumber from time it is cut, processed, put into service in building |
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Definition
1. free water leaves-30% water left in tree
2.bound water leaves-shrinkage starts
3. seasoned to below 15-19% moisture
---air or kiln dried
---most shrinkage in diameter
4.wood reaches EMC |
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Term
review:
plainsawn vs. quartersawn lumer:
applications for each |
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Definition
plainsawn:
-maximum yield; tendency to warp
--structural uses
Quartersawn:
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Term
discuss the changes in moisture content and the effects of these changes on a piece of lumber from the time the tree is cut, through its processing, and until it has been in service in a building for an entire year |
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Definition
.free water evaporates first, 30%left in tree
.bound water leaves, shrinkage starts
.seasoned to below 15-19%
.air or kiln dried
-shrinkage is greatest radially, can cause distortion
-once installed, it will react to atmospheric conditions, expanding and shrinking based on humidity |
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Term
What are the differences between plainsawn and quartersawn lumber? What applications are appropriate for each |
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Definition
plainsawn: -max number of pieces
-tendency to warp -varied grain patterns
.structural uses
quartersawn: -more stable -resists shrinkage
-resists warp -better paint surface -less splitting
.flooring, paint |
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Term
give the actual cross sectional dimensions of the following pieces of kiln dried lumber:
1x4
2x4
2x6
2x8
4x4
4x12 |
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Definition
3/4 x 3 1/2
1 1/2 x 3 1/2
1 1/2 x 5 1/2
1 1/2 x 7 1/4
3 1/2 x 3 1/2
3 1/2 x 11 1/4
*1-6= 1/2" off
6 ^= 3/4" off |
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Term
why is wood laminated? what types of wood products make use of lamination? |
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Definition
why: wood is laminated to achieve desired size, shape, quality that would otherwise be impossible; more efficient
products: glue laminated wood, structural composite lumber, wood plastic composites |
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Term
what are the advantages of using structural composite lumber in comparison to solid wood? |
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Definition
.more versatile & available
.increased strength
.no defects |
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Term
what is meant by a span rating of 32/16? what types of wood products are rated this way? |
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Definition
32 is the allowable span in inches between centers of rafters when used in roof sheathing
16 is the allowable span when used as subflooring
products: plywood, composite, OSB, any wood species |
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Term
name the most appropriate plywood veneer grade for each of the following applications:
a. the outer face of a wall or roof sheathing panel
b. subflooring to receive a wood finish flooring
c. underlayment to receive a thin, resilient vinyl floor covering
d. plywood to receive a paint finish in an application demanding the highest quality finish |
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Definition
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Term
for what reasons might you specify preservative treated wood? what alternative materials may be used where preservative treated wood is normally required? |
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Definition
reasons: places where decay or insect resistance is needed(termites), marine docks, fences
alternatives: redwood, cedar heartwood |
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Term
which common species of wood have naturally decay and insect resistant heartwood? |
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Definition
redwood, cedar, black locust, black walnut |
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Term
why are nails the fasteners of choice in wood construction? |
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Definition
inexpensive and versatile, no drilling, least amount of wood removed |
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