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Deposited in a molten state -basalt -granite |
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Deposited by water/wind -limestone -sandstone -travertine |
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Heat Pressure transformation -slate -marble |
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Masonry block wall with random courses |
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-Each course is made up of blocks of the same height, but each course (strip) varies in height |
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ashlar masonry laid out in horizontal courses with varied heights, this can be broken at intervals into two or more courses |
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Minimum variation in size/color -highest degree of mechanical perfection |
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Wider color range/size variation |
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Only used where particular effects are desired resulting from nonuniformity of size, color, and texture of units |
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(brick grade) -severe weathering -minimum 2500 PSI compressive strength -often for surfaces exposed to subfreezings temps or below grade |
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(brick grade) -moderate weathering -above grade -minimum 2200 PSI |
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(brick grade) -negligible weathering -minimum 1250 psi compressive strength -backup or interior masonry |
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3 courses of modular brick= ? |
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2 1/4" by 3 5/8" by 7 5/8" |
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-compressive strength 2500 psi -highest strength mortar -usually used surfaces in direct contact with the earth, such as retaining walls or foundations |
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-1800 psi -medium/high strength mortar -used in masonry where bond and lateral strength are more important than compressive strength |
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-750psi -medium strength -used for general use in exposed, above grade masonry -when high compressive/lateral strength is not required |
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-lowest strength -only suitable for interiors or non-load bearing walls |
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-allows for dimensional differences and helps even out irregularities of the brick -cushions masonry units, giving them full bearing against eachother -seals the units -adheres the units together -enhances the appearance |
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Types of joints and their weatherability: |
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Good: Concave/rodded or "v"-shaped, grapevine
Fair: Weathered, ruled, flush or plain cut
Poor: extruded, beaded, struck, raked |
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Different types of masonry walls and the implications of each |
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includes brick + the mortar joint |
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Components of modern masonry assemblies |
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-Reinforceent -grout -movement joints -flashing -insulation |
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10% Cement 71% aggregate 15% water |
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-air entraining -water reducing -accelerating -fly ash -silica fume -blast furnace slag -pozzolans -workability agents -corrosion inhibitors -fibers -freeze protection -extended set control -dyes |
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Minimum coverage for rebar |
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2" above grade
3" below grade |
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Draw typical spiral column reinforcement
-difference between hoops and ties |
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draw a typical two-way vs. one-way slab system |
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Draw a section showing slab-on-grade construction |
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-concrete -welded wire fabric -2" sand -moisture barrier -crushed stone (drainage layer) |
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Understand process for casting/finishing a concrete slab |
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-Placing -Screeding -Leveling -Edging -Jointing -Floating -Troweling |
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traditional specification: 1/8" in 10' Modern Specification: "F-numbers" Levelness (LF): calculated form elevation readings over 10'
Flatness (FF): calculated from elevation reading over 24" increments |
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draw a pre-cast trabeated system |
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-High quality and control -faster -restricted size -cast off-site |
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-Poured on site and cures in correct position in building -takes longer -biased towards rigid, continuous joints |
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-supports rebar within concrete as it cures |
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Iron/Cast Iron/steel/wrought iron |
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Iron: 0% carbon Wrought Iron: .1% Steel: > .15% < 2% Cast Iron 2%-4% |
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Relationship between carbon content and strength |
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-Less carbon means weaker, more ductile, and more malleable -more carbon makes it stronger in compression, but more brittle |
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-Iron Oxide -Fuel -Air (Oxygen) -Flux |
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Draw general steel shapes |
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Steel Connection techniques |
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-corrugated in order to increase rigidity and spanning capability |
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-Less aggregate and more liquid than concrete |
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crystalline deposit on the surface of masonry |
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