Term
| Objective findings of pathology |
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Definition
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Term
| Subjective reports perceived by the patient |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 ways to classify impairments associated with CNS lesion. |
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Definition
1. Signs vs. symptoms
2. Positive (abnormal reflexes, spasticity) vs. Negative (paresis) signs and symptoms
3. Primary (paresis, spasticity) vs. secondary (tendon tightness, decreased ROM) effects |
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Term
| A major factor contributing to motor dyscontrol in patients with CNS lesions. |
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Definition
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Term
| Somatosensory deficits: What will a lesion to the DCML of the spinal cord result in? |
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Definition
| Loss of discriminative touch, light touch, and kinesthesia |
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Term
| Somatosensory deficits: What will a lesion to the anterolateral of the spinal cord result in? |
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Definition
| Loss of pain, temperature, coarse touch, and kinesthesia |
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Term
| What will result from a somatosensory cortex lesion (MCA, CVA)? |
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Definition
| Loss of discriminative senses (proprioception, 2 pt discrimination, stereognosis, and touch localization) |
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Term
| Name 4 primary visual deficits when the primary sensory system is impaired. |
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Definition
1. Depth perception
2. Visual fields
3. Acuity
4. Occulomotor Control |
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Term
| This contributes to conscious sense of orientation in space, information used to gauge stabilization, posture, and balance, and information about head movements and position with reference to gravity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 deficits to the vestibular system |
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Definition
1 Altered/diminished gaze stabilization
2 Altered posture and postural control
3 Vertigo and dizziness |
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Term
| The integration of sensory impressions into psychologically meaningful information |
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Definition
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Term
| The inability to perceive and integrate stimuli on one side of the body (CVA) |
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Definition
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Term
| Having a decreased awareness of body parts and their relationship to each other and to the environment |
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Definition
| Body image / body scheme disorders |
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Term
| This disorder causes difficulty perceiving oneself in relation to other objects, other objects in relation to self, and objects in relation to each other. |
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Definition
| Spatial Relation Disorder |
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Term
| A person with this disorder will have problems with their position in space (over, under, beside, etc) as well as figure ground discrimination |
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Definition
| Spatial Relation Disorders |
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Term
| Name 1 spatial relation disorder |
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Definition
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Term
| The inability to carry out purposeful movement in the presence of intact sensation, movement ability and coordination. (pt w/ left brain damage) |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 5 primary cognitive system impairments |
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Definition
1. Attention
2. Orientation
3. Memory
4. Problem Solving
5. Arousal and Level Consciousness |
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Term
| The inability to focus on specific stimulus without being distracted. |
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Definition
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Term
| __ to task and motivation are critical for motor learning. |
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Definition
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Term
| Decreased understanding of person, place, time, situation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Decreased ability to process, store, and retrieve information |
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Definition
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Term
| The decreased ability to manipulate and apply knowledge to new or unfamiliar situations |
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Definition
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Term
| The decreased ability to understand problems, generate solutions, and evaluate solutions |
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Definition
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Term
| You must be alert to respond to stimuli in environment. Motor behavior is heavily dependent on __ |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the top 4 primary neuromuscular impairments. |
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Definition
Muscle Weakness
Coordination Problems
Involuntary Movements
Abnormalities of muscle tone |
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Term
| The inability to generate normal levels of force |
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Definition
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Term
| Total or severe loss of muscle activity |
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Definition
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Term
| Mild or partial loss of muscle activity |
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Definition
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Term
| Results from a lesion in the descending motor paths - inability to recruit and/or modulate motor neurons |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 neural aspects of force production |
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Definition
1. Number of motor units recruited
2. Type of motor units recruited
3. Discharge Frequency |
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Term
| Name some musculoskeletal aspects of force production |
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Definition
| with prolonged paresis, secondary changes occur in muscle tissue (atrophy of type 1 and type 2 fibers) |
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Term
| The capacity to generate force in an isolated muscle does not predict that muscle's ability to work with other muscles in what way? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sequencing, timing, and grading of activation of multiple muscle groups for movement |
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Definition
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Term
| Movements that are awkward, uneven, or inaccurate |
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Definition
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Term
| Due to lesions in motor cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, and proprioceptive system. Can be influence by peripheral factors such as changes in muscle tissue, tendons. |
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Definition
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Term
| Unnecessary movements in joints and muscles not typically involved in the movement task |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 3 types of sequencing problems |
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Definition
1. Abnormal synergies
2. Coactivation
3. Impaired interjoint coordination |
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Term
| Movement decomposition or movement at one joint at a time |
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Definition
| Impaired interjoint coordination |
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Term
| Problems initiating movement (reaction time) or slowed movement time (execution) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Name 4 pathologies that might result in timing problems |
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Definition
Parkinsons
CVA
CP
Cerebellar |
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Term
| Timing problems may be due to what 7 things? |
|
Definition
1. Inadequate Force Generation (weakness)
2. Decreased rate of force generation
3. Insufficient ROM
4. Decreased motivation
5. Abnormal Postural Control
6. Cognitive Factors
7. Altered Sensory Input |
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Term
| What lesion will lead to problems terminating a movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| Problems terminating a movement may be due to what 4 things? |
|
Definition
1. Inability to stop muscle contraction or control force
2. Cognitive factors
3. Sensory deficits
4. Poor postural control |
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|
Term
| The inability to scale forces, problems judging distance or range |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Name 2 types of dysmetria |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Name 2 lesions that will result in dysmetria |
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Definition
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Term
| Involuntary, sustained muscle contractions, frequently causing twisting and repetitive movements and abnormal postures |
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Definition
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Term
| Unintentional movement of one limb during voluntary movement of another (CVA) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Rhythmical, involuntary oscillatory movement of a body part (resting tremor (PD)) (intension tremor (cerebellum)) |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Slow, involuntary writhing and twisting |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Involuntary, abrupt, rapid, irregular, jerky movements |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Abnormalities to muscle tone are caused be lesion/disrupton of input (excitatory or inhibitory) to what? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Increased resistance to passive movement |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Spasticity is velocity dependent usually occurs in patients who are post CVA with what 4 things? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rigidity is velocity independent can be referred to as lead pipe or cogwheel. What type of pts may have this? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Decreased resistance to passive movement. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 2 pathologies with hypotonia |
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Definition
Down's Syndrome
Spinocerebellar Lesions |
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Term
| Complete loss of tone, no resistance to movement. Seen in patients with neural shock, or peripheral nerve injury |
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Definition
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Term
| A motor disorder characterized by a velocity dependent increase in tonic stretch reflex with exaggerated tendon jerks, resulting from hyper-excitability of the tonic stretch reflex, as one component of the upper motor neuron syndrome |
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Definition
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Term
| Damage to the descending motor pathway can result in what? |
|
Definition
1. Increase alpha motor neuron excitability
2. Increase in muscle tone, exaggerated stretch reflex |
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Term
| Loss of descending inhibition, denervation supersensitivity, shortening of motor neuron dendrites, or collateral sprouting of dorsal root afferents |
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Definition
| Increase in alpha motor neuron excitability |
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Term
| When you damage a descending motor pathway you can get increase in muscle tone and exaggerated stretch reflex. This can cause changes in what or gain what? |
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Definition
| Changes in threshold and/or gain of stretch reflex |
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Term
| Can cause an inability to recruit motor neurons (paresis), abnormal reciprocal inhibition, dyssynergia - these may cause more "motor control" problems and function limitations than "spasticity" or hypertonicity |
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Definition
| Damage to descending motor pathway |
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|
Term
| Name 3 approached to treating spasticity |
|
Definition
1. Sensory Stimulation
2. Biomechanic Approach
3. Positioning |
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Term
| Name 4 sensory stimulation techniques to manage spasticity. |
|
Definition
1. Ice
2. vibration
3. Quick stretch
4. Approximation |
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|
Term
| Name 3 biomechanic approached to spasticity |
|
Definition
1. Splints
2. Casts
3. Orthosis |
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|
Term
| Does the biomechanic approach to spasticity change the muscle tone or improve function? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 4 surgical approaches to spasticity management? |
|
Definition
Muscle
Peripheral Nerve
Spinal Cord
Brain |
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|
Term
| Name 2 effects that come from treating spasticity orally |
|
Definition
| Generalized and side effects |
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|
Term
| Name 3 local pharmacological approaches to spasticity |
|
Definition
1. Intrathecal Baclofen
2. BoTox
3. Phenol |
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