Term
|
Definition
| The reign of Charles the II, when the English monarchy was restored. This name reflected not only the return to the monarchy, but also a rebirth of English culture. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Originally used as an insult, in Catholic Ireland this word meant an outlaw. In England, however, the name was given to one who believed James had a hereditary right to rule. They usually supported the Anglican church. As believers in hereditary monarchy, however, they would be willing to an accept a Roman Catholic king. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Originally meaning a horse thief and later applied to Scottish Presbyterians, thename suggested a group that was rebellious. They claimed the right to deny the throne to James. They wanted a strong Parliament and opposed having a Catholic ruler. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Came to power after his brother Charles II died. His belief in absolute rule antagonized both Tories and Whigs. Fearing he would create a whole lineage of Catholic rulers, Parliament united against him and asked him to step down in favor of his daughter and her husband |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Mary II was the daughter of James II, and had been raised a Protestant, and married to William III, a.k.a William of Orange. Wiiliam of Orange was a famous Dutch soldier who had defeated the French. When James fled into exile to France, Parliament gave the crown of England to William and Mary as joint rulers. They were know from that point on as William III and Mary II. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The term used to describe the bloodless transfer of power in the English monarchy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wrote in 1651 a book called Leviathan. He explained the first peopleon earth lived in anarchy, which he believed to be the state of nature. In his view, the natural world was a place in which only the strong survive unless order was imposed by the greater power of a ruler. The social contract described by Hobbes was based on the exchange of individual liberty for group safety and social order. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He also accepted the idea of a social contract. However, he believed people had given up only some of their individual rights. Those they kept included the right to live, to enjoy liberty, and to own property. He believed the rulers should preserve these rights and if he/they didn´t they had violated natural law and broke the social contract. He said the people had the right to change their govt. if it became oppressive. His writings, including Two Treaties of Govt., influenced the N. Americans who framed the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Latin for ¨you shall have the body.¨ The Habeus Corpus Act protected individuals from unfair arresst and punishment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It declared that Parliament would choose who ruled the country. The ruler would be subject to parliamentary laws and not proclaim or susppend any law. The ruler could not impose taxesor maintain in army in peacetimewithout Parliament´s consent. Parliament would meeet frequently and the ruler could not interfere with the election of its members. It guaranteed free speech for members of Parliament. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| It granted some religious freedom to Dissenters, Protestants who were not members of the Anglican Church. Did not, however, protect Roman Catholics or Jews. It also disallowed Dissenters from holding public office. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an office of state that was considered the head of certain government departments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Somewhat like a president. He is the minister of affairs and often the mouthpiece or spokesperson for parliament or the ruling party in Parliament. |
|
|
Term
| limited constitutional monarchy |
|
Definition
| This occurs when the monarch remains, officially, as head of state, but his/her powers are greatly diminished. They must consult with Parliament and important powers are reserved for Parliament alone.The British system of limited constitutional monarchy has changed very little since the 1700´s. |
|
|
