Term
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Definition
| spatially seperated populations with enough dispersal to have similar genetic diversity and allow for recolonization, but low enough to have demographic independence and independent extinction probabilities |
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Term
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Definition
| Talus slopes, small subpopulations go extinct and are recolonized. |
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Term
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Definition
| Classic, non-equilibrium, core-satellite, and source-sink. |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetic homogeneity, demographic independence, extinction & recolonization. |
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Term
| Non-Equilibrium Metapopulation |
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Definition
| Recolonization less frequent than extinction, population in decline. |
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Term
| Core-Satellite Metapopulation |
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Definition
| One large subpopulation unlikely to go extinct, several smaller satellite populations that do go extinct. |
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Term
| Source-Sink Metapopulation |
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Definition
| Source subpopulation with positive recruitment rate and net surplus of individuals and sink populations with negative recruitment rates that would not persist without immigration. |
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Term
| Population Viability Analysis (PVA) |
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Definition
| A way to model extinction probability, includes pop. size, fecundity, survivorship, and stochasticity. |
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Term
| Minimum Viable Populations (MVP) |
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Definition
| Threshold size for a given probability of persisting for specified period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Area effects, isolation effects, and edge effects. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fragmentation reduces total area of habitat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased genetic variability, increased probability of extinction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Characteristics of outside area (sunlight, evaporation, etc.) penetrate into the edge, making habitat unfavorable. |
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Term
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Definition
| Organisms that stay within habitat interior, and do not do well in the conditions at the edge. |
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Term
| Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project |
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Definition
| Thomas Lovejay and WIlliam Laurance studied fragments of rainforest, found edge effects penetrated further than expected. |
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Term
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Definition
| Studied mammals in national parks, found that extinction rates were inversely proportional to park size. |
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Term
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Definition
| Studied past studies of habitat fragmentation, found only 6 of 14 studies supported the area/extinction expectations. |
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Term
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Definition
| 600 mya, increase in species diversity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Over 1,000 species extinct since 1600, probably closer to 10,000. |
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Term
| E.O. Wilson's Species-Area Relationship |
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Definition
| S = C x A^z, Species richness = Ecosystem Constant x Area ^ Constant |
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Term
| Background Extinction Rate |
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Definition
| 10 species/year (10 million species, 1 million year species lifespan). |
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Term
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Definition
| Habitat: loss, fragmentation, isolation, degradation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transition from suitable habitat to unsuitable habitat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breaking up a block of habitat into several fragments |
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Term
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Definition
| Block of suitable habitat becomes separated/isolated. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changing the composition, structure, or function of the habitat. |
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Term
| McArthur & Wilson, Theory of Island Biogeography |
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Definition
| Islands near mainland have higher immigration, larger islands have lower extinction rates. |
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Term
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Definition
| Larger > smaller, contiguous > fragmented, close > isolated, clustered > linear, connected > separate, lower edge/interior ratio > higher ratio. |
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