Term
| What is the term for fish or other sea creatures that are accidentally caught when fishing for a target fish? |
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Definition
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Term
| What's the agency that studies bycatch, whaling, dolphin catching, shark finning, etc and acts against it? |
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Definition
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Term
| Scientists are intensively studying and marking the nesting places of one of the affected species, [3], and their efforts appear to be helping bolster populations on Melbourne Beach. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When an excessive amount of nutrients that are added to the ecosystem/environment and in turn promote excessive plant growth. It can be caused by natural processes. |
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Term
| What thing is not associated with habitat fragmentation? |
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Definition
| A declining number of lynx in the wild. NOT overgrazing of deer. |
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Term
| What are three examples of ecotourism that could be used to support it? |
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Definition
- Safari's in Africa
- Zip lining through Costa Rica rainforest
- Great Barrier Reef scubadiving
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Term
| What is type 1 and type 2 error? |
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Definition
- Type 1: incorrectly rejecting a null hypothesis
- Type 2: incorrectly failing to reject the null
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Term
| What are three facts about dolphin hunting from the movie? |
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Definition
- It is now only known to occur in one village in Japan
- Filming dolphing slaughter helped pressure the Japanese gov't
- Some dolphins are sold to Aquaria, the rest are killed.
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Term
| What are the two true statements about harp seals? |
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Definition
- They have an IUCN declaration of LC
- Concern for them is exacerbated by the melting ice from global warming
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Term
| What are three concerns of conservation biologists? And arguably a fourth? |
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Definition
- Documenting biodiversity
- Protecting biodiversity
- Studying human impacts on ecosystems
- (Arguably) Political advocacy of environmental issues
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Term
| Which species has been listed under the ESA despite oil industry lobbying? |
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Definition
| The lesser prairie chicken, but the compromise with the oil industry was "unprecedented" |
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Term
| A measure that could be used to reflect that species composition changes dramatically as one increases elevation |
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Definition
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Term
| A measure of diversity that is simply the number of species in a local place |
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Definition
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Term
| Diversity and richness on a larger geographical scale |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Measure for general proportion of species |
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Definition
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Term
| Is a country's economic competitiveness related to its environmental sustainability |
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Definition
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Term
| What is important about the Gunnison Sage grouse? How was it determined different? What species definitions do these fall under? |
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Definition
| The common sage grouse is okay, but the Gunnison is endemic to a very small area, so it needed protection. Genetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA was used along with observed morphological differences and different behavior. This shows little gene flow between other species (biological species definition) and clear morphological differences (morphological definition) |
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Term
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Definition
| Externalities are the unintended good or bad consequences of business ventures- those costs or benefits that are not borne by either of the parties involved in the economic exchange. |
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Term
| Why were the sea otters being hunted? Why are they important ot protect? What term could be linked to the sea otter as to why they're so important? What are scientists doing now? |
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Definition
| They were being hunted for their pelts. They were the sea urchins main predator, so their population exploded killing kelp populations, which lead to lower biodiversity and intense beach erosion. They are ecosystem engineers and keystone species (without them trophic cascade). Now, there is a high incidence of disease in populations, so scientists are trying to study them to find out what is making them sick. |
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Term
| Are GMO's a threat to biodiversity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Review indirect vs direct use (productive and consumptive), existence value vs. option value |
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Definition
- Consumptive direct: harvested and used directly by the population/people harvesting them
- Productive direct: harvesting items and selling them
- Existence value: the innate "right to survive."
- Option value: when an ecosystem adds value to neighboring areas (a park contributing to value of properties nearby)
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Term
| Give 6 examples of global warming |
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Definition
- Increased heat waves
- Increased drought
- Melting of glaciers
- Rise in sea levels
- Spread of disease to higher elevations
- Earlier Spring
- Population declines
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Term
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Definition
| When a species/population lives only in a very specific area only, usually small. |
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Term
| What statistical analysis tests a relationship between two continuous variables? |
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Definition
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Term
| “A thing is right when it tends to preserve the integrity, stability and beauty of the biotic community. It is wrong when it tends otherwise.” |
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Definition
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Term
| “Conservation means the wise use of the earth and its resources for the lasting good of men” |
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Definition
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Term
| “Keep close to Nature's heart... and break clear away, once in awhile, and climb a mountain or spend a week in the woods. Wash your spirit clean.” |
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Definition
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Term
| “Why should we tolerate a diet of weak poisons, a home in insipid surroundings, a circle of acquaintances who are not quite our enemies, the noise of motors with just enough relief to prevent insanity? Who would want to live in a world which is just not quite fatal?” |
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Definition
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Term
| “The field will be judged by preservation of diversity, not number of people that belong to the society." |
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Definition
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Term
| Who signed the ESA into legislation and when? What are the three listings? What's the biggest example? |
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Definition
Nixon in 1973.
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"provide a means whereby the ecosystems upon which endangered species and threatened species depend may be conserved to provide a program for the conservation of such species"
Candidates, threatened, and endangered levels
The bald eagle, listed in 1976 and taken off in 2005 |
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Term
| Who introduced the CWA? When? Why? |
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Definition
| Edmund Muskie, it was vetoed by Nixon but passed by senate in 1972 anyways. Done because of the burning of the Cuyahoga river in Ohio. |
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Term
| Who introduced the CAA? When? Why? |
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Definition
| Lyndon B. Johnson. 1963. You could not see the hollywood sign because of so much smog and haze. |
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Term
| What is Love Canal? What did it lead to? |
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Definition
| A neighborhood in New York that was sold by Hooker Chemical for 1$ because it was so badly contaminated with dumped and buried chemicals in the mid 1970's (21000 tons). It lead to Superfund in 1980, which required government companies to clean up chemical responsibly |
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Term
| What is the role of science in legislation? |
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Definition
- To identify and diagnose dilemmas/problems
- To observe, monitor, and evaluate outcomes of a policy
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Term
| What are the three ingredients of action for legislation? |
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Definition
- The problem has to be linked to an issue considered serious and important by the public
- Scientists know of it and have "answers" (i.e., it can technically/actually be solved)
- A motivation and will to implement solutions
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Term
| What ingredient was Tamarix missing? Who supported its removal? |
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Definition
Public concern and support. Scientists have studied it and showed it can be solved and Bush signed into action an act for removal in 92.
- State, federal, and tribal policy makers
- Researchers and scientists
- Environmental Orgs
- Gov't agencies representing wildlife, agricultural, natural resources, water, and the environment
- Water districts
- Landowners
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Term
| What is the Cat in the Hat Syndrome? |
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Definition
| When a problem seems so big that we can't even begin to take it on |
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Term
| What is the US National Invasive Species Council? |
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Definition
| Established in 1999. Help coordinate with other countries and borders to try to prevent invasive species. Helped create a ballast water management plan to help fight zebra mussels |
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Term
| Does economic development necessarily guarantee an increased use of resources? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does economic growth entail increased consumption of resources? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is true sustainable development? |
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Definition
| Improving development while limiting growth. Present and future needs of natural resources are always considered. |
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Term
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Definition
| When a company will use token implentation of "green" practices or "sustainable" practices that don't really do anything |
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Term
| Is ethanol a useful and worthwhile replacement of fossil fuels? |
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Definition
| No, growing corn is expensive and harvesting and processing it uses a lot of fossil fuels. Some argue it produces more fossil fuels than it actually saves in the end. Erosion and stuff too yo |
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Term
| What must preserving biological diversity balance between? |
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Definition
| The conflict between real/perceived human needs and the perservation of biological diversity. They must promote conservation and state and national levels while remaining concerned for the economic welfare of humans |
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Term
| What is the best and most effective way to preserve biological diversity at local levels? |
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Definition
| By designating areas at protected areas and reserves |
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Term
| What are land trusts? How much space is covered under them in the US? |
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Definition
| When a non-profit, conservation (NOT GOV'T) org buys land to preserve. 15 million hectacres |
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Term
| What are conservation easements? |
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Definition
| When land owners are compensated to give up the rights to develop land. They can receive funds, benefits, or tax reliefs |
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Term
| What is limited/conservation development? |
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Definition
| A compromise where only part of the land is developed, and the rest is turned into an easement. Everyone benefits |
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Term
| What is conservation leasing? |
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Definition
| When landowners actively manage land for conservation in exchange for tax deduction or direct payments to help defray the cost |
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Term
| What is conservation banking? |
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Definition
| It enables conservation leasing to be financed, while the landowner actively manages the land for conservation, they are paid by developers who have destroy habitat elsewhere (mitigation) |
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Term
| What is CITES and how does it operate on a national level of protection? |
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Definition
| It's an international cooperation between countries to control borders, port, and commerce against invasives and endangered species |
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Term
| What is the most effective and valuable thing a country can do on a national level for diversity conservation? |
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Definition
| It can protect and manage land itself |
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Term
| What's another powerful method governments can use on a national level to protect biodiversity? |
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Definition
| Listing and protecting endangered species. All in all, legislation is powerful and the best method |
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Term
| What is the goal of the Union of Concerned Scientists? |
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Definition
| To drive research and concentration towards pressing environmental matters, and to change humanity's stewardship |
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Term
| What's the general rule for how certain items impact the environment? |
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Definition
| The heavier the item is, the more impact it is going to have |
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Term
| What does the THE acronym start |
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Definition
| Transporation, Household operations, and Eating |
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Term
| Which part of THE is the most damaging? |
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Definition
| Transportation: "Personal use of cars and trucks is the single most damaging consumer behavior." |
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Term
| What's the general rule to think of when considering biking vs. driving? |
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Definition
| If it's under 2 miles, it is almost always faster to bike, and sometimes even when it's over. |
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Term
| What home appliance uses the most amount of energy? |
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Definition
| TV's! Watch less TV and whatever you do, don't leave them on! |
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Term
| What's more efficient than stovetops and ovens? |
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Definition
| When heating water and food, electric kettles and microwaves will save you WAY more money |
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Term
| In general, what act accounts for a high percentage of energy use on a daily basis? |
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Definition
| Heating of water, such as water heaters for shower, boiling water for food, etc. |
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Term
| What is common myth about energy use that applies for most electronic use? |
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Definition
| Turning something on does NOT use more energy than leaving it on, turn things off! |
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Term
| What's the two biggest ways food impacts the environment? |
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Definition
Food = Transportation. Buy local food.
Water. Veggies AND animals require water! And a ton of it! |
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Term
| What does the LLOWW down on eating acronym stand for? |
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Definition
| Local, Low on food chain, Organic, Watch what you eat, and don't Worry |
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Term
| What is wealth correlated with? Is it always a bad thing? |
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Definition
| Wealth is correlated with much higher rates of consumption and energy uses. But it's not always bad! Having money gives you the power to make choices about what to drive, what to buy, and how to make a difference. |
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Term
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Definition
| The future ecological cost of habitat destruction |
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Term
| Does the rarity of an animal necessarily mean it is going to be extinct? |
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Definition
| No, it can still be saved by reversing habitat loss and climate change, as well as removing invaders if they apply. |
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Term
| What are the demographic mechanisms underlying The Rescue Effect? |
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Definition
- Increase population size
- Reduce stochasticity
- Minimize allee effects
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Term
| What are they biological mechanisms underlying The Rescue Effect? |
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Definition
- Reduces inbreeding
- Increases variation to adapt
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Term
| Why can immigration also be bad? What is the biggest of these three arguments? |
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Definition
- Maladapted genotypes perform poorly
- Outbreeding depression
- Loss of genetically distinct units
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Term
| What are the four criteria of ideal immigrants? |
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Definition
- Local
- Adapted to the environment
- Genetically diverse
- Many
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Term
| What are the three types of rescue? |
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Definition
- Genetic: input of genes
- Demographic: input of individuals
- Evolutionary: no inputs, evolution from standing genetic variation
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