Term
| What type of shunt is in ASD |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
L-R shunts increase what kind of blood flow?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When are symptoms seen for ASD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what age should ASD be repaired? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Heart dialation on what side is indicative of ASD? |
|
Definition
| Right, with pulmonary over circulation |
|
|
Term
| What can be heard upon contraction in ASD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can ASD lead to if it isn't fixed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is SBE prophylaxis needed in ASD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is ASD cyanotic or acyanotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| VSD: What kind of shunt with flow? |
|
Definition
| L to R/ pulmonary increased |
|
|
Term
| What dx test can detect VSD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three heart problems are seen with VSD? |
|
Definition
Cardiomegaly
Pulmonary HTN
CHF |
|
|
Term
| Are murmurs heard with VSD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When will SBE be used in VSD? |
|
Definition
Until after sx (cardiopulmonary bipass) is done
|
|
|
Term
| What two manifestations are seen in babies with VSD? |
|
Definition
| Retractions and bobbing heads |
|
|
Term
| Is VSD cyanotic or Acyanotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What kind of shunt/ flow for PDA? |
|
Definition
| L to R/ Pulmonary increased |
|
|
Term
| Pulmonary Ductus Arteriosus consists of what? |
|
Definition
| Aorta and pulmonary artery |
|
|
Term
| What are the two spectrums of clinical manifestations for clients with PDA? |
|
Definition
| They can either have no symptoms are sever HF |
|
|
Term
| How is the pressure in the aorta compared to the pulmonary artery in PDA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| PDA causes what to dialate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F:
PDA does not cause lung congestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two tx for PDA? |
|
Definition
1. Indomethacin/ Indocin
2. Sx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ligated and closed in cath lab with coils to block blood flow |
|
|
Term
PDA can be _______
in patients with heart defects. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is pulmonary HTN common in PDA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What are the s/s of PDA?
CCRPP4 |
|
Definition
CHF
Congestion of the lungs
Respiratory distress
Prominent pulmonary vasoconstriction marks
Pedo Periorbital edema
4+ pulse (bounding) |
|
|
Term
| What is used in the PDA to keep the ductus open? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| You must always remember to keep a what in patients with PGE1? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the IV line inserted in a patient recieving PGE1? |
|
Definition
| Peripheral vein or umbilicus |
|
|
Term
| What are used in babies with ductal dependant blood flow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you monitor with PGE1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of blood flow is present with PS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is happening to the R ventricle during PS? |
|
Definition
| pumping harder because of trying to overcome obstruction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of sx is done with PS?
THINK STENOSIS |
|
Definition
Balloon Valvuloplasty
&
Open heart SX |
|
|
Term
| Is PS acyanotic or cyanotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In CPS/PA, how is the blood flow through the pulmonary valve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is needed for survival until sx in CPS/PA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is used to keep the obstructed valves open in CPS/PA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What happens if the PDA closes in CPS/PA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the normal number of cusps in a valve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a stenotic valve, how many cusps/characteristics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In AS, how are the symptoms seen in infants and children? |
|
Definition
Severe with infants
None in children |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you restrict a client from doing if AS is present? |
|
Definition
| Heavy lifting/strenous activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In AS, the _____ has difficulty pumping through an abonormal valve. This valve will remain _______ and have to be replaced with an ________ one |
|
Definition
| Left ventricle/ deformed/ artificial |
|
|
Term
What are the s/s of AS?
*CUDF* |
|
Definition
Chest pain
unusual tiring
dizziness
fainting |
|
|
Term
| This is known as the "narrow rainbow" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Will SBE be needed wiht COA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the BP in the body in regards to COA? |
|
Definition
Increased in arms/ head
Decreased in lower ext. with diminished pulses |
|
|
Term
| In COA, diminished pulses in the lower ext will lead to: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are three manifestations of COA? |
|
Definition
Cardiomegaly
CHF
Cyanosis (closed PDA which can be used for survival) |
|
|
Term
| What sx for COA, and will PGE1 be used? |
|
Definition
Balloon Valvuloplasty
yes |
|
|
Term
| When should sx be done on infants with COA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With a balloon valvulo., what is there a risk of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| COA: cyanotic or acyanotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What type of shunt and blood flow for TA?
|
|
Definition
| R to L, decreased pulmonary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What size is the R ventricle of the heart in TA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is used to survive TA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What attributes to mixing of the blood in TA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What arm would you get BP and insert a venipuncture if your patient had a Glenn procedure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would the nurse teach about TA? |
|
Definition
Multiple sx
Mortality rate ~5% |
|
|
Term
| Is SBE or PGE1 used in TA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Tetrology of Fallot you have an ____ ___ with right ____ _____. |
|
Definition
Overriding aorta
ventricular hypertrophy |
|
|
Term
| ____ and ____ are present in Tet of Fallot, with the second decreasing blood flow to the lungs. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What position should you put a child who is having a "tet spell"? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
T/F:
Tet of fallot is acyanotic
come on now.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| is SBE used in tet of fallot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is sx inserted for blood flow to the lungs and removed later in life in Tet. of Fallot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What picture is present with Mixed BF |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is flow through the heart with MBF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the severity of MBF? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the type of sx used when a pt has MBF? |
|
Definition
| ballon arterial septostomy |
|
|
Term
| Which defect allows mixing of the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can occur if a pt has PDA, ASD, or VSD? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In Truncus arteriosus what doesn't separate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What shaped is present with Truncus Arteriosus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where does the main vessel run with Truncus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can develop due to cyanotic effect of Truncus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should sx be done with truncus, and what would it be like? |
|
Definition
| within 1st months of life/ they'll close the VSD and graft pulm art to vein (homograft) |
|
|
Term
| What are some after effects of Truncus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some complications of Congenital Heart Defects? |
|
Definition
Bbacterial Endocarditis
Pulmonary HTN
CHF
Arrythmias
Emboli |
|
|
Term
| For baby's, what measures should be taken to preserve body heat? |
|
Definition
Skin to skin contact
Swaddle
hat on head |
|
|
Term
| What types of procedures use SBE prophylaxis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is Amoxicillian given and by what route before a procedure (SBE)? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long before is ampicillan given and by what route before a procedure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What medicine can you give if they are allergic to ampicillan/amoxicillian |
|
Definition
| Clindamycin, Clarithromycin, Gentamycin |
|
|
Term
| In pulmonary arterial hypertension, what happens to the lungs? |
|
Definition
Excessive blood is pumped to the lungs
Increased pressure in the lungs |
|
|
Term
| With PAH, what happens in the heart? |
|
Definition
Pressure in the R heart higher than in L heart
R cardiomegaly, L small |
|
|
Term
| What are some S/S of PAH? |
|
Definition
| dyspnea, fatigue, substernal chest pain, weakness, syncope, hemoptysis, R side HF, anorexia, right upper quadrant pain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
H/P
PFT
CXR
ECG
VQ scan
Sleep tests
HIV tests
Liver test |
|
|
Term
| What medicines will be used in PAH? |
|
Definition
CCB
Silendfil
Prostanoids (flolan, remodulin, Iliprost)
Endothelin (Trancleer)
Anticoagulants
Diuretics |
|
|
Term
| What is the inability to pump effectively to meet metabolic demads and when there is failure on one side, there is failure on the other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When the R ventricl has decreased blood output to pulm. artery and increased pressure in R atrium with venous congestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Peripheral edema, hepatomegaly, tenderness RUQ, Jaundice, vein distention, cough/sob, pleural effusion, nausea, weight gain, anorexia/weakness. |
|
|
Term
| What is resulted from left ventricle dysfunction with increased pressure in L atrium, increased pressure in pulm. veins. and pulm. HTN, Pulm edema |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dyspnea, extra sound "kentucky", cough (frothy-sputum), decreased in O2, orthopnea, s3 vent. gallop, SOB with rest or exertion, paroxysmal nocturia dyspnea. |
|
|
Term
| With Dig, what route and loading dose would you use, and when would you not give it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With HCTZ, what should you remember? |
|
Definition
| K supplement, and heart abnormalitites in pts. on dig. |
|
|
Term
| What type of meds decrease B/P, vasodilation, HypoTN, cough |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of meds decrease BP and are known as the "sartans" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These meds dilate vessels and decrease heart rate and may cause hypotn. These are also the "LOL" drugs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These meds have a positive inotropic effect and improve cardiac output. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When should you hold dig in children and infants? |
|
Definition
| Below 70 in children, below 90-100 in infants |
|
|
Term
| What are two K wasting and a K sparing diuretic? |
|
Definition
waste: lasix, HCTZ
sparing: aldactone |
|
|
Term
| How often should you regularly give dig? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you not mix with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you do with babies after giving dig? |
|
Definition
| Brush there teeth with bc of the sugar substance. |
|
|
Term
| What should you do if a child vomits on dig? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What should you do if two if 2 consecutive doses are missed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a pt on dig presents with freq. vomitting, poor feeding, or slow HR |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where should you keep dig? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If there is a possible overdose of Dig, what should you do? |
|
Definition
|
|
