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| EE-flat Contra-Alto Clarinet |
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| BB-flat Contrabass Clarinet |
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| M16 lower (two octaves plus M2 lower) |
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| Italian: flauto piccolo ottavino German: keine Flöte French: petite flûte |
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| Italian: flauto German: Flöte, grosse Flöte French: flûte |
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| Italian: oboe German: Oboe or Hoboe French: hautbois |
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| Italian: Corno Inglese German: Englisch Horn French: cor anglais |
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| Italian: clarinetto German: Klarinette French: clarinette |
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| Italian: clarinetto basso German: Bassklarinette French: clarinette basse |
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| Italian: fagotto German: Fagott French: basson |
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| Italian: contrafagotto German: Kontrafagott French: contre-basson |
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| Italian: sassofone German: Saxophon French: saxophone |
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| Italian: corno German: Horn French: cor |
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| Italian: tromba German: Trompete French: trompette |
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| Italian: cornetto German: Kornett French: cornet à piston |
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| Italian: flicorno German: Bugle French: bugle |
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| Italian: trombone German: Posaune French: trombone |
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| Italian: baritone saxhorn German: Baryton French: basse à piston |
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| Italian: tuba di basso German: Basstuba French: tuba basse |
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| Italian: timpani German: Pauken French: timbales |
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| Italian: silofone German: Sylophon French: sylophone |
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| Italian: marimba German: Marimba French: marimba |
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| Italian: campanelli German: Glockenspiel French: jeu de timbres, carillon |
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| Italian: vibrafono German: Vibraphon French: vibraphone |
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| Italian: campane German: Glocken French: cloches |
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| Italian: tamburo German: kleine Trommel French: tambour, caisse claire |
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| Italian: tamburo German: Rührtrommel French: tambour |
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| Italian: (gran) cassa German: grosse Trommel French: grosse caisse |
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| Italian: piatti German: Becken French: cymbales |
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| Italian: piatto sospeso German: hängendes Becken French: cymbale suspendé |
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| Italian: tam-tam German: Tam-tam French: tam-tam |
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| Italian: triangolo German: Triangel French: triangle |
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| Italian: tamburino German: Schellentrommel, Tambourin French: tambour (de Basque) |
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| Italian: castagnette German: Kastagnetten French: castagnettes |
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| Italian: raganella German: Ratsche French: crécelle |
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| Italian: cassa di legno German: Holzkaste French: bloc de bois |
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| Italian: campanelli di bacca German: Heerdenglocken French: grelots de vaches |
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| Italian: sonaglia German: Schellen French: grelots |
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| Italian: frusta German: Peitsche French: fouret |
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| Italian: celesta German: Celesta French: célesta |
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| Italian: arpa German: Harfe French: harpe |
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| Italian: violino German: Violine French: violon |
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| Italian: viola German: Bratsche French: alto |
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| Italian: violoncello German: Violoncell French: violoncelle |
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| Italian: contrabasso German: Kontrabass French: contrebasse |
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| at the bridge of a stringed instrument |
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| an dem Griffbrett (German) |
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| play stringed instruments on the fingerboard |
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| with the point of the bow |
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| each note bowed separately, played broadly |
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| to be played near the frog |
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| "thrown" bow (flying staccato) |
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| with the stick of the bow |
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| pizzicato (pizz.) (Italian) |
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| pluck string(s) with finger(s) |
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| a light tone, sounding upper partials by bowing near the bridge of a stringed instrument |
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| to be played near the point of the bow |
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| saltando (salt.) (Italian) |
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| bounce the bow off the string using short, quick bow strokes |
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| special tuning of a stringed instrument |
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| spiccato (spicc.) (Italian) |
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| a light, bouncing bow movement |
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| on (as in "sul D," on the D string) |
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bridge-type symbol, looks kind of like this:
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| bowed tremolo; three hash lines in the stem of a note |
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| very fast separate strokes on the same pitch, near the point for soft dynamics and near the middle for louder dynamics |
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| détaché; tenuto lines under the noteheads |
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| played with separate bows; in a very rapid détaché, the bow bounces (spiccato) from the sting (sautillé) |
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| fingered tremolo; looks like two beamed 32nd notes |
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| played like a trill, for intervals larger than a whole step; played with the left hand fingers and a single bow |
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| harmonic, artificial; half notehead stacked on top of quarter notehead |
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| lower note is stopped by the first finger and upper note by the third or fourth finger |
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| both performers; follows a section with only one performer on the part; a3, a4, etc. are also used |
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| becoming broader, slowing |
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| diminish the sound to nothing |
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| roll the chord in harp style |
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| resume the original tempo |
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| begin the next section without pausing |
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| muted French horn, using hand; indicated by a + |
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| muted French horn, using hand |
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| in unison with another part; for example, col. vln, with violins; commonly used in jazz scores |
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| with increasing animation |
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| continue to the next section without pausing |
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| in front of; with emphasis; to be clearly heard through the ensemble |
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| muted French horn, using a hand |
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| glissando (glissez, glisser) |
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| let vibrate, do not dampen |
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| Maelzel metronome; tempo indication; BPM |
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| change; usually to indicate a change in tuning of an instrument or instruments |
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| return to previous method of performance |
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| at the performer's pleasure |
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| vocal glissando, sliding smoothly from one note to the next |
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| premier mouvement (1er mouvt); erster Tempo, Tempo I, a tempo |
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| desk or stand, referring to the number of stands of performers for a part |
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| ritardando (ritard, rit.) |
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| more immediate slowing of tempo |
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| expressive flexibility of tempo |
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| without snares (percussion) |
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| proceed to next section without pause |
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| sforzando, sforzato (sf, sfz) |
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| under the voice; in a soft voice or undertone |
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| stentando, stentato (stent.) |
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| above; indicates crossing hands in piano music |
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| quick repetition of the same note or quick repetition between different pitches |
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| rapid alternation between notes of different pitch, half step or whole |
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